文献认为硬化疗法是治疗良性甲状腺囊肿的一种安全有效的方法。尚未报告有相关后续诊断问题。我们报告在该疗法后出现了模拟甲状腺恶性肿瘤的局部炎症。我们报告了一例年轻男性患者，甲状腺中有一个高度可疑的孤立病变。该患者此前接受了Doxycycline针对甲状腺囊肿的硬化疗法。该病变出现了一个局部炎症病灶，因此具有医源性。已知Doxycycline的全身使用有时会引起非免疫性化学性甲状腺炎，因甲状腺强烈的黑色变色而被称为黑甲状腺。可能是Doxycycline的滴注导致了类似的、更局部的甲状腺炎症区域。在评估孤立高度可疑的甲状腺病变时，应始终考虑患者的病史。如果有之前同侧的硬化疗法，反应性炎症可能模拟甲状腺恶性肿瘤。应进行细针穿刺活检以排除甲状腺癌。治疗是不必要的；这一过程在该病例的随访中证明是自限性的。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

The literature considers sclerotherapy to be a safe and effective treatment for benign thyroid cysts. No subsequent diagnostic problems have been reported as a complication. We report the occurrence of focal inflammation after said therapy, mimicking a thyroid malignancy.We report a case of a young male with a solitary strongly suspicious lesion in the thyroid. The patient had undergone prior sclerotherapy of a thyroid cyst with Doxycycline. The lesion appeared to be a focal area of inflammation and thus iatrogenic in nature. Systemic use of doxycycline is known to sometimes cause a non-immune chemical thyroiditis, dubbed as black thyroid due to the intense black discoloration of the thyroid. It might be that the instillation of doxycycline was responsible for a similar, more localized area of thyroiditis.For the work-up of a solitary suspicious thyroid lesion, the medical history of the patient should always be considered. In case of prior ipsilateral sclerotherapy, a reactive inflammatory response may mimic thyroid malignancy. A fine needle aspiration should be performed to exclude thyroid cancer. Treatment is not necessary; the process appears to be self-limiting as evidenced in the follow-up of this case.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.