γδ T细胞是一类固有免疫T细胞。由于它们只占所有免疫细胞的一小部分，并且与这些细胞相关的许多基本因素仍不清楚，所以它们并未引起足够的关注。然而，近年来随着肿瘤免疫治疗的快速发展，γδ T细胞因其在大多数肿瘤细胞上无需主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）限制即能发挥细胞毒作用的能力而受到越来越多的关注。越来越多的基础研究聚焦于γδ T细胞的发育、抗原识别、激活和抗肿瘤免疫应答。此外，正在开发基于γδ T细胞的免疫治疗策略，并且开展对这些策略的临床试验的数量也在增加。本综述主要总结了γδ T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的基础研究和临床应用的进展，为将来进一步开发基于γδ T细胞的策略提供理论依据。 版权所有©2023中国医学会，由Wolters Kluwer, Inc.根据CC-BY-NC-ND许可证制作。

γδ T cells are a kind of innate immune T cell. They have not attracted sufficient attention because they account for only a small proportion of all immune cells, and many basic factors related to these cells remain unclear. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, γδ T cells have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to exert cytotoxic effects on most tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. An increasing number of basic studies have focused on the development, antigen recognition, activation, and antitumor immune response of γδ T cells. Additionally, γδ T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, and the number of clinical trials investigating such strategies is increasing. This review mainly summarizes the progress of basic research and the clinical application of γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy to provide a theoretical basis for further the development of γδ T cell-based strategies in the future.Copyright © 2023 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.