比较患有和不患有Hashimoto甲状腺炎（HT）的儿童和青少年乳头状甲状腺癌（PTC）的超声、临床和病理特征。共纳入2017年至2022年间经手术诊断为PTC的52名儿童和青少年患者；通过病理检查，确诊14名患有PTC的儿童和青少年患者患有HT。回顾性分析了术前超声、术后组织学、分子和临床特征。HT患者中PTC的患病率为27%。38名无HT患者中，有11名患者患有甲状腺微小癌，而HT患者中没有（p = 0.023）。HT患者中，与仅有PTC的患者相比，甲状腺外扩展、包膜侵犯和淋巴结转移发生更频繁（p < 0.05）。结节组织成分、声回声、形状、边缘、甲状腺成像报告和数据系统类别以及总分的超声特征相似。HT患者的结节声回声聚集模式比无HT患者更明显（p = 0.016）。PTC和HT患者中，甲状腺微小癌的频率较低，而甲状腺外扩展、包膜侵犯和淋巴结转移的频率明显高于仅有PTC的患者。超声声回声集聚模式可能代表PTC的风险。版权所有 © 2023 Jie、Ruan、Luo和Liu。

To compare the ultrasonographic, clinical, and pathological features of children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).A total of 52 children and adolescent patients surgically diagnosed with PTC between 2017 and 2022 were included; 14 children and adolescent patients with PTC were diagnosed with HT via pathological examination. The preoperative ultrasonographic, postoperative histological, and molecular and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.The prevalence rate of PTC in patients with HT was 27%. Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas were found in 11 of 38 patients without HT, but none in patients with HT (p = 0.023). Extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, and lymph node metastases were more frequent in patients with PTC and HT than in patients with PTC alone (p < 0.05 for both). The ultrasonographic features of nodule composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System categories, and total points were similar. The patterns of echogenic foci were more prominent in the nodules of patients with HT than in those of patients without HT (p = 0.016).The frequency of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas in patients with PTC and HT was less, whereas that of extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, and lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in patients with PTC and HT than in those with PTC alone. The patterns of echogenic foci on ultrasonography may represent a risk for PTC.Copyright © 2023 Jie, Ruan, Luo and Liu.