近十年来，超声波治疗在产科和妇科领域得到了快速发展。目前，高强度超声波已被广泛应用于临床实践，而低强度超声波则逐渐成为从临床前研究向临床应用过渡的新趋势。低强度脉冲超声（LIPUS），以无创低强度脉冲波刺激方法为特点，利用其非热效应实现安全、经济和方便的治疗效果。LIPUS通过空化、声流和机械刺激等途径将物理信号转化为细胞内的生化信号，调节分子生物学机制并产生各种生物效应。LIPUS在产科和妇科应用中的分子生物学机制主要包括信号通路、关键基因表达、血管生成、抑制炎症和干细胞分化等。LIPUS在促进软组织再生、骨再生、神经调节和细胞膜通透性变化等方面发挥积极作用。通过上述生物效应，LIPUS可以改善早发性卵巢功能衰竭、盆底功能障碍、由宫内生长受限引起的神经损伤、卵巢切除引起的骨质疏松和子宫不充分复旧等疾病的治疗效果，并且在卵巢癌和宫颈癌等恶性肿瘤的辅助治疗中也具有应用价值。本研究旨在概述LIPUS在治疗各种产科和妇科疾病中的生物机制和应用，以促进其精确应用并为其在该领域的应用提供理论基础。 2023年版权所有Ji、Duan、Wang和Chang。

In the past decade, research on ultrasound therapy in obstetrics and gynecology has rapidly developed. Currently, high-intensity ultrasound has been widely used in clinical practice, while low-intensity ultrasound has gradually emerged as a new trend of transitioning from pre-clinical research to clinical applications. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), characterized by a non-invasive low-intensity pulse wave stimulation method, employs its non-thermal effects to achieve safe, economical, and convenient therapeutic outcomes. LIPUS converts into biochemical signals within cells through pathways such as cavitation, acoustic flow, and mechanical stimulation, regulating molecular biological mechanisms and exerting various biological effects. The molecular biology mechanisms underlying the application of LIPUS in obstetrics and gynecology mainly include signaling pathways, key gene expression, angiogenesis, inflammation inhibition, and stem cell differentiation. LIPUS plays a positive role in promoting soft tissue regeneration, bone regeneration, nerve regulation, and changes in cell membrane permeability. LIPUS can improve the treatment benefit of premature ovarian failure, pelvic floor dysfunction, nerve damage caused by intrauterine growth restriction, ovariectomized osteoporosis, and incomplete uterine involution through the above biological effects, and it also has application value in the adjuvant treatment of malignant tumors such as ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. This study outlines the biological mechanisms and applications of LIPUS in treating various obstetric and gynecologic diseases, aiming to promote its precise application and provide a theoretical basis for its use in the field.Copyright © 2023 Ji, Duan, Wang and Chang.