尽管免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的发现革命了癌症治疗，但仍有高比例患者无法产生响应。此外，某些类型的癌症对这些治疗无效。因此，需要找到预测疗效的生物标记物，并评估其与其他治疗（如化疗或放疗）的关联似乎至关重要。由于ICIs能够重新激活或保持T细胞的活跃状态，一种可能性是将这些治疗与能够引发免疫反应对抗肿瘤细胞的治疗方法相结合。因此，通过诱导肿瘤细胞的免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD），一些常规的抗癌治疗方法能够引发此类免疫反应，并有望与ICIs联合应用。在本综述中，我们探讨了评估ICIs与诱导ICD剂联合应用的临床前研究和临床试验。除了诱导ICD外，其中一些治疗方法似乎能够调节肿瘤微环境，特别是抑制免疫抑制，从而提高治疗效果。© 2023 The Authors. 由约翰威利出版公司发表的免疫学综述。

Even though the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, a high proportion of patients do not respond. Moreover, some types of cancers are refractory to these treatments. Thus, the need to find predictive biomarkers of efficacy and to evaluate the association with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, appears to be essential. Because ICIs reactivate or maintain an active status of T cells, one possibility is to combine these treatments with therapies that engage an immune response against tumor cells. Thus, by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, some conventional anticancer treatments induce such immune response and may have an interest to be combined with ICIs. In this review, we explore preclinical studies and clinical trials that evaluate the combination of ICIs with ICD inducers. More than inducing ICD, some of these treatments appear to modulate the tumor microenvironment and more particularly to inhibit immunosuppression, thus improving treatment efficacy.© 2023 The Authors. Immunological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.