细胞外囊泡（EV）是由细胞释放到细胞外空间和体液中（包括血浆和滑液）的球形双层膜囊泡。EV内含各种生物分子，如蛋白质、DNA、mRNA、非编码RNA、脂质和代谢物。通过将这些生物活性分子传递给受体细胞，EV介导细胞间通讯，在维持细胞内稳态和促进病理进展中发挥关键作用。值得注意的是，细胞可以有选择地将这些生物活性分子（尤其是RNA）分选到EV中进行分泌，并调节细胞间通讯。RNA结合蛋白（RBPs）是一类大型蛋白质，能够结合RNA分子，并在调节RNA代谢中发挥功能。越来越多的证据表明，RBPs可以传递到受体细胞中，影响它们的细胞生物学，并在EV中编排编码和非编码RNA排序中起重要作用。本综述总结了目前对EV相关RBPs的认识，它们在肿瘤发生发展及RBP相关体外囊泡工程中的功能。希望本综述能够为RBPs和有针对性的癌症治疗提供新的见解。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical bilayer membrane vesicles released by cells into extracellular spaces and body fluids, including plasma and synovial fluid. EV cargo comprises various biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, mRNAs, non‑coding RNAs, lipids and metabolites. By delivering these bioactive molecules to recipient cells, EVs mediate intercellular communications and play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting pathological progression. Of note, cells can selectively sort these bioactive molecules (particularly RNAs) into EVs for secretion, as well as regulate cell‑cell communications. RNA‑binding proteins (RBPs) are a large class of proteins capable of binding to RNA molecules and function in regulating RNA metabolism. There is increasing evidence to indicate that RBPs can be delivered to receipt cells to influence their cell biology and play a significant role in the sorting of coding and non‑coding RNAs in EVs. The present review summarized the current knowledge on EV‑associated RBPs, their functions in tumorigenesis and RBP‑related exosome engineering. It is hoped that the present review may provide novel insight into RBPs and targeted cancer treatment.