与其他恶性妇科肿瘤不同，妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（GTN）主要通过化疗干预表现出极高的治愈率。然而，存在一小部分不响应传统化疗的难治性GTN。在这种情况下，免疫治疗的出现在处理各种具有挑战性的GTN方面显示出显著的益处。本文旨在全面系统地回顾GTN的免疫微环境和免疫治疗方法。目的是识别可能增强疾病管理的潜在生物标志物，并概括可用的免疫治疗以供参考。我们从PubMed上查阅了有关GTN免疫治疗的相关文献。目前，GTN的免疫治疗策略主要围绕着靶向程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）和程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）的免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）。著名的例子包括avelumab、pembrolizumab和camrelizumab。然而，对潜在机制的研究仍然有限。© 2023.作者（S），f Springer Verlag GmbH Germany的独家许可，Springer Nature的一部分。

Different from other malignant gynecologic tumors, gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs) exhibit an exceptionally high cure rate primarily through chemotherapeutic interventions. However, there exists a small subset of refractory GTNs that do not respond to conventional chemotherapies. In such cases, the emergence of immunotherapies has demonstrated significant benefits in managing various challenging GTNs.This article aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic approaches for GTNs. The purpose is to identify potential biomarkers that could enhance disease management and summarize the available immunotherapies for ease of reference.We reviewed the relevant literatures toward immunotherapies of GTNs from PubMed.Current immunotherapeutic strategies for GTNs mainly revolve around immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Prominent examples include avelumab, pembrolizumab, and camrelizumab. However, existing researches into the underlying mechanisms are still limited.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.