长期以来，人们已知血吸虫与结直肠癌之间存在着关联，然而，这种关联仍然未被充分研究，并且缺乏全面的实验支持。多种流行病学和病理学研究已确立慢性炎症是诱导结直肠癌的一个重要因素。本综述的目的是介绍关于血吸虫与结直肠癌的当前认识。重点阐述导致结直肠癌诱导和进展的机制，以及诊断和治疗方面的研究进展。此外，还描述了多种方法，包括大规模药物治疗、使用新药物和疫苗、凋亡作用以及组蛋白修饰酶等，这些方法可以预防血吸虫感染本身或阻止感染达到进一步发展阶段。流行病学、临床、病理学和外科研究表明，血吸虫日本株是诱导结直肠癌的原因。然而，需要进行深入的临床研究来支持并全球接受这一观点。此外，本文中介绍的方法可以用于处理血吸虫感染或处理癌症的诱导和进展。© 2023. 作者（们）独家授权给波兰科学院维托尔德·斯特凡斯基寄生虫研究所。

An association between Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer in humans has been known since a long time; however, this association remains understudied and lacks comprehensive experimentation support.Various epidemiological and pathological studies have established the role of chronic inflammation as a major factor behind the induction of colorectal cancer. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on the association of Schistosoma japonicum with colorectal cancer.Mechanisms which lead to induction and progression of colorectal cancer are highlighted along with diagnosis and treatment for the same. Further, various methodologies, including mass drug administration, use of new drugs and vaccines, role of apoptosis, and histone-modifying enzymes, have been described which can either prevent the schistosomal infection itself or can check it from reaching an advanced stage.Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and surgical studies suggest that Schistosoma japonicum is responsible for induction of colorectal cancer. However, thorough clinical studies are required to support and globally accept this notion. Further, methodologies highlighted in this work can be employed in order to take care of schistosomal infection or address the cancer induction and progression.© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.