评估年龄和虚弱对口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）手术后30天结局的影响。回顾性横断面分析。美国外科医生学院国家质量改善计划（NSQIP）数据库。通过NSQIP（2015-2020）查询进行了OSCC切除术的患者。根据年龄（18-65岁，65-75岁和75岁以上）以及修订虚弱指数评分（mFI 0，mFI 1和mFI 2+），对病例进行分层分析以进行比较分析。进行单变量和多变量分析以研究人口统计学、围手术期结局和术后30天不良事件。共发现了3238例进行了OSCC手术的患者，并分为非老年组（"NGA"，年龄18-65岁）、较年轻老年组（"YGA"，年龄65-75岁）和较年长老年组（"OGA"，年龄>75岁）。与NGA相比，老年患者具有较高的美国麻醉师协会分级、较高的修订虚弱指数评分以及更多的高血压、充血性心力衰竭、慢性阻塞性疾病和糖尿病等合并症（p<0.001）。与NGA相比，YGA和OGA也较不容易进行颈部淋巴结清扫手术（p<0.001）、组合切除手术（p=0.006）和游离皮瓣重建手术（p<0.001）。在控制混杂因素的情况下，年龄与不良结局风险的增加无独立关联。另一方面，虚弱被发现与不良事件风险更高有独立关联（mFI 1的奥氏比：1.40 [1.15-1.70]，p<0.001，mFI 2+的奥氏比：1.45 [1.04-2.02]，p=0.027）。较高的mFI评分，而不是年龄较大，与OSCC手术后30天并发症风险增加有关。©2023年美国耳鼻喉头颈外科学会基金会。

To evaluate the impact of age and frailty on 30-day outcomes following surgery for oral squamous cavity carcinoma (OSCC).Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.American College of Surgeons' National Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.Patients who underwent OSCC resection were queried via NSQIP (2015-2020). Cases were stratified by age (18-65, 65-75, and older than 75) as well as by modified frailty index scores (mFI 0, mFI 1, and mFI 2+) for comparative analyses. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine demographics, perioperative outcomes, and 30-day postoperative adverse events.A total of 3238 patients who underwent OSCC surgery were identified and categorized as nongeriatric ("NGA," age 18-65), younger geriatric ("YGA," age 65-75), and older geriatric ("OGA," age >75) adults. Compared to NGA, geriatric patients had higher the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, higher modified frailty index scores, and more comorbidities such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive disease, and diabetes (p < .001). YGAs and OGAs were also less likely to undergo neck dissection (p < .001), composite resection (p = .006), and free flap reconstruction compared to NGAs (p < .001). When controlling for confounders, age was not independently associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. On the other hand, frailty was found to be independently associated with a higher risk of adverse events (odds ratio: 1.40 [1.15-1.70], p < .001 for mFI 1, odds ratio: 1.45 [1.04-2.02], p = .027 for mFI 2+).A higher mFI score, not older age, is associated with an increased risk of 30-day complications following OSCC surgery.© 2023 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.