低氧诱导因子（HIF）介导多个细胞内过程，推动细胞代谢和诱导增殖。HIF的失调表达与致癌细胞转化有关。此外，高水平的HIF与肿瘤侵袭性和化疗抗性相关，表明HIF-1α对肿瘤性的重要影响。目前，广泛的体外和体内研究集中在目标化HIF的药物上，这些药物已经获得FDA批准，如belzutifan，在肾细胞癌中使用。HIF的抑制主要与肿瘤大小的减小相关；然而，药物毒性仍然是一个挑战。在本综述中，我们将重点关注在前列腺癌（PC）中靶向HIF的潜力，并总结了HIF活性在PC中的科学背景。这一发现强调了在这种恶性肿瘤中使用HIF作为治疗靶点的合理性。我们列出了正在进行的临床前研究中已知的HIF抑制剂及其作为PC抗癌药物的潜力。尽管HIF靶向药物已经研究了十多年，但它们在治疗抗药癌症中的应用仍然是相关的，并且应该进一步探索。此外，还应考虑使用天然存在的HIF抑制剂作为目前使用方案的附加疗法。

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates multiple intracellular processes that drive cellular metabolism and induce proliferation. Dysregulated HIF expression is associated with oncogenic cellular transformation. Moreover, high HIF levels correlate with tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance, indicating the vital effect of HIF-1α on tumorigenicity. Currently, widespread in-vitro and in-vivo research is focusing on targeting HIF with drugs that have already been approved for use by the FDA, such as belzutifan, in renal cell carcinoma. HIF inhibition is mostly associated with tumor size reduction; however, drug toxicity remains a challenge.In this review, we focus on the potential of targeting HIF in prostate cancer (PC) and summarize the scientific background of HIF activity in PC. This finding emphasizes the rationale for using HIF as a therapeutic target in this malignancy. We have listed known HIF inhibitors that are being investigated in preclinical studies and their potential as anticancer drugs for PC.Although HIF-targeting agents have been investigated for over a decade, their use in therapy-resistant cancers remains relevant and should be explored further. In addition, the use of naturally occurring HIF inhibitors should be considered as an add-on therapy for the currently used regimens.