数十年来，化疗一直是乳腺癌治疗的主要手段。新颖的治疗方法正在扩大治疗选择，并改变治疗算法来管理此疾病。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）和抗体药物偶联物（ADCs）的使用和批准代表了一些进展领域。这些治疗方法最初受到转移性乳腺癌的关注，但随后在早期乳腺癌中找到了一定的角色。尽管人表皮生长因子受体-2（HER2）是ADC发展的核心，但其他肿瘤和正常细胞之间差异表达的表面抗原也可能适合ADC的靶向治疗。这导致了新型ADC的发现，包括TROP-2、HER-3和LIV-1等靶向其他受体的ADC。同样，将pembrolizumab用于早期三阴性乳腺癌的治疗也带来了对该领域其他免疫检查点抑制剂的探索。然而，这也引发了关于优化患者选择、预测ICIs成功的生物标志物、理想化疗药物合作伙伴以及将新型治疗方法引入前沿的财务影响等重要科学问题。在本综述中，我们讨论了ICIs和ADCs在管理早期乳腺癌中不断发展的局势，并对该领域未来潜在进展进行概述。© 作者（2023）。由牛津大学出版社出版。

For decades, chemotherapy has been the mainstay of breast cancer treatment. Novel therapies are expanding the therapeutic options and altering the treatment algorithms to manage this disease. The use and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a few areas of progress. These therapies initially gained attention in the metastatic setting but have subsequently found a role in early-stage breast cancer. Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is at the center of ADC development, other surface antigens with a differential expression between tumor and normal cells may be appropriate for ADC targeting. This has led to the discovery of new ADCs targeting other receptors, including TROP-2, HER-3, and LIV-1, to name a few. Similarly, the addition of pembrolizumab in treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer has led to exploring other ICIs in this setting. However, it has also raised important scientific questions regarding optimal patient selection, biomarkers that predict the success of ICIs, ideal chemotherapy partners, and the financial implications of bringing newer therapies to the forefront. In this review, we discuss the evolving landscape of ICIs and ADCs in managing early-stage breast cancer and provide an overview of potential future advancement in the field.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.