随着生活水平的持续提高，疾病也在不断演变。癌症是死亡的主要原因，也是严重威胁人类生命的重大公共卫生问题。结直肠癌在中国是十大最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，在消化系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位，每年的发病率因世界人口的饮食习惯和生活方式的变化而急剧增加。尽管传统疗法（如手术、化疗和放疗）对结直肠癌（CRC）的治疗产生了深远影响，但药物抗性和毒性仍然是重大的挑战。天然产物，如膳食治疗剂，被认为是治疗CRC最安全的选择。此外，有大量证据表明，天然产物可以通过靶向和调节miRNA的表达和功能，诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞周期阻滞、减少结肠癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。在这里，我们总结了天然产物中各种活性成分基于miRNA调控的抗肿瘤机制的最新研究发现，重点介绍了天然产物如何针对miRNA调控在结肠癌的预防和治疗中。还讨论了在癌症预防和治疗中天然药物输送系统和预测性疾病生物标志物的应用。这些方法将有助于发现与疾病途径相关的新调控机制，为开发新型结肠癌药物和化合物以及发现新的治疗靶点提供新的理论基础。

Diseases are evolving as living standards continue to improve. Cancer is the main cause of death and a major public health problem that seriously threatens human life. Colorectal cancer is one of the top ten most common malignant tumors in China, ranking second after gastric cancer among gastrointestinal malignant tumors, and its incidence rate is increasing dramatically each year due to changes in the dietary habits and lifestyle of the world's population. Although conventional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have profoundly impacted the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), drug resistance and toxicity remain substantial challenges. Natural products, such as dietary therapeutic agents, are considered the safest alternative for treating CRC. In addition, there is substantial evidence that natural products can induce apoptosis, inhibit cell cycle arrest, and reduce the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by targeting and regulating the expression and function of miRNAs. Here, we summarize the recent research findings on the miRNA-regulation-based antitumor mechanisms of various active ingredients in natural products, highlighting how natural products target miRNA regulation in colon cancer prevention and treatment. The application of natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is also discussed. Such approaches will contribute to the discovery of new regulatory mechanisms associated with disease pathways and provide a new theoretical basis for developing novel colon cancer drugs and compounds and identifying new therapeutic targets.