疫苗是传染病控制和预防的基石。SARS-CoV-2的爆发证实了对设计新型疫苗的迫切需求。植物病毒及其衍生物正被越来越广泛地用于新医学和生物技术应用的开发，并且在一些临床前和临床研究中得到了体现。植物病毒具有独特的特征组合（生物安全性、低反应原性、低成本和易于生产等），这决定了它们的潜力。本综述介绍了植物病毒在癌症免疫治疗中作为疫苗成分和佐剂的最新数据。讨论得出结论，最有前景的方法可能是使用从烟草花叶病毒获得的结构改造的植物病毒（球形粒子）。这些粒子将高吸附性（作为载体）与强免疫原性结合在一起，这已经在动物模型中使用各种抗原进行了验证。根据当前的研究，可以明显看出植物病毒在疫苗开发和癌症免疫治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。

Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel vaccines. Plant viruses and their derivatives are being used increasingly for the development of new medical and biotechnological applications, and this is reflected in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. Plant viruses have a unique combination of features (biosafety, low reactogenicity, inexpensiveness and ease of production, etc.), which determine their potential. This review presents the latest data on the use of plant viruses with different types of symmetry as vaccine components and adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. The discussion concludes that the most promising approaches might be those that use structurally modified plant viruses (spherical particles) obtained from the Tobacco mosaic virus. These particles combine high adsorption properties (as a carrier) with strong immunogenicity, as has been confirmed using various antigens in animal models. According to current research, it is evident that plant viruses have great potential for application in the development of vaccines and in cancer immunotherapy.