一氧化氮（NO）是一种气态分子，在多种生理过程中具有重要的信号转导通路（例如血管舒张、神经传递、炎症、细胞凋亡和肿瘤生长）中起到核心作用。由于其气态形式，NO的半衰期较短，其生理作用与浓度相关，通常限制其在靶位点的功能。通过外源性提供NO有助于促进细胞功能和治疗不同的病理条件。因此，NO在生理和病理学中的多面角色引起了对开发传递外源NO以治疗各种再生和生物医学复杂性的策略的广泛关注。过去几十年里，能够以受控和持续的方式释放NO到靶组织或器官的NO释放平台或给体取得了进展。本综述文章详细讨论了通过NO合酶的酶作用以及NO给体产生NO的机制，以及NO调节的多种生物学和病理过程。综述总结了将NO给体纳入各种生物材料中的方法，包括物理、化学或超分子技术。然后，重点介绍了这些释放NO的平台在推动治疗各种医疗问题方面的应用策略。© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half-life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO-releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO-releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.