非吸烟和不饮酒（NSND）个体中的口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）似乎与传统的头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）有所不同。这种亚组的发病率正在增加，研究其特征的研究也在增加。相比传统的HNSCC患者，NSND OSCC个体年龄较年轻（<45岁）。NSND OSCC队列中的女性比例也较高。舌头是主要受影响的部位。研究发现了几种基因突变和独特的表观基因组谱，但没有明确的遗传病因。转录组分析没有发现任何致病的病毒因子。其他提出的病因包括慢性牙齿创伤、微生物群异常、大麻消费和遗传疾病。国际间正在努力确定这个独特队列的相对预后结果，但尚未达成共识。本文综述了NSND OSCC队列的发病率、人口统计学特征、受影响部位、可能的病因、预后和治疗意义。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in non-smoking and non-drinking (NSND) individuals appears to be distinct from the traditional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence of this subset is increasing, as are the number of studies examining its characteristics. NSND OSCC individuals tend to be younger (<45 years) compared to traditional HNSCC patients. The proportion of females in the NSND OSCC cohort is also higher. The tongue is the predominantly affected subsite. Studies have revealed several gene mutations and unique epigenomic profiles but no definitive genetic etiology. Transcriptomic analysis has not found any causative viral agents. Other proposed etiologies include chronic dental trauma, microbiome abnormalities, marijuana consumption, and genetic disorders. There are international efforts to determine the relative prognostic outcome of this unique cohort, but no consensus has been reached. Here, we review the incidence, demographics, subsite, possible etiologies, prognosis, and therapy implications of the NSND OSCC cohort.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.