肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见且高度致命的肿瘤之一。微血管侵袭（MVI）是HCC患者手术切除后复发和预后不良的重要风险因素。准确预测术前MVI状况对于临床医生选择治疗方法和提高总体生存率至关重要。然而，MVI只能通过术后标本的病理分析诊断。目前，已确定存在多项血清学指标（包括液体活检）和影像学，可有效预测MVI发生，基于深度学习的多指标模型极大提高了预测准确性。此外，还已确定了几种与MVI发生密切相关的风险因素，如特定基因和蛋白质。因此，本文评估了各种预测指标和风险因素，并为进一步探索更准确的预测方法和将风险因素转化为可靠预测因素提供指导。版权© 2023 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and highly lethal tumors worldwide. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a significant risk factor for recurrence and poor prognosis after surgical resection for HCC patients. Accurately predicting the status of MVI preoperatively is critical for clinicians to select treatment modalities and improve overall survival. However, MVI can only be diagnosed by pathological analysis of postoperative specimens. Currently, numerous indicators in serology (including liquid biopsies) and imaging have been identified to effective in predicting the occurrence of MVI, and the multi-indicator model based on deep learning greatly improves accuracy of prediction. Moreover, several genes and proteins have been identified as risk factors that are strictly associated with the occurrence of MVI. Therefore, this article evaluates various predictors and risk factors, and provides guidance for subsequent efforts to explore more accurate predictive methods and to facilitate the conversion of risk factors into reliable predictors.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.