放线菌属于革兰氏阳性菌，其遗传物质中的G:C比例较高。其因能产生具有多种用途的生物活性物质以及对极端环境适应能力而备受关注和研究。最近的研究表明，放线菌通过合成抗癌化合物可能在预防和治疗癌症中发挥重要作用。本综述的目的是概括目前对放线菌与不同类型癌症之间联系的认识。本文详述放线菌生物活性化合物具有抗癌性质的多样性，并阐明其作用机制，探讨其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用。此外，本综述重点强调微生物组对癌症的发生和进展的影响，并讨论放线菌在控制微生物组和调控肿瘤微环境方面可能带来的潜在益处，以治愈或预防癌症。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd.

Actinobacteria are gram-positive bacteria with high G:C ratio in their genetic makeup. They have been noted and studied for their capacity to produce bioactive substances with a range of uses in human health, and they also exhibit a unique property of adapting to extreme environments quite well. Actinobacteria may play an essential role in cancer prevention and treatment due to their synthesis of anticancer compounds, as indicated by recent studies. The aim of this review paper is to give a summary of what is currently known about the connection between actinobacteria and different types of cancer. This paper delineates the diverse array of actinobacterial bioactive compounds possessing anticancer properties, elucidates their mechanisms of action and explores potential applications in cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review paper highlights how the microbiome influences the onset and progression of cancer, as well as the discussing the potential benefits that actinobacteria may bring in terms of controlling the microbiome and contributing to the regulation of the tumour microenvironment to cure or prevent cancer.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.