白细胞产生的干扰素(IL)-6根据环境的不同表现出抗癌和促癌效应，我们将其称为“运动 IL-6 之谜”。IL-6在运动过程中释放于骨骼肌中，以调节短期能量供应。运动诱导的IL-6会引发一系列的生物效应，可通过提高胰岛素敏感性、刺激抗炎细胞因子的产生、调动免疫细胞以及减少早期恶性细胞的DNA损伤来对抗癌症。相反地，由白细胞在炎症部位持续产生的IL-6通过促进慢性炎症和激活促肿瘤信号通路来驱动肿瘤发生。一个分子如何在癌症上具有如此对立的效应？在这里，我们将回顾IL-6在慢性炎症、肿瘤发生和与运动相关的癌症预防中的作用，并定义支持“运动 IL-6 之谜”的因素。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由 Elsevier Ltd. 发布。保留所有权利。

Interleukin (IL)-6 elicits both anticancer and procancer effects depending on the context, which we have termed the 'exercise IL-6 enigma'. IL-6 is released from skeletal muscles during exercise to regulate short-term energy availability. Exercise-induced IL-6 provokes biological effects that may protect against cancer by improving insulin sensitivity, stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, mobilising immune cells, and reducing DNA damage in early malignant cells. By contrast, IL-6 continuously produced by leukocytes in inflammatory sites drives tumorigenesis by promoting chronic inflammation and activating tumour-promoting signalling pathways. How can a molecule have such opposing effects on cancer? Here, we review the roles of IL-6 in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and exercise-associated cancer prevention and define the factors that underpin the exercise IL-6 enigma.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.