质谱（MS）基于蛋白质组学在各个实验室医学领域中得到日益广泛应用，用于鉴定和定量各种生物样本中的生物分子。MS基于蛋白质组学不断扩展，并广泛应用于早期检测、预后、治疗反应预测和监测的生物标志物发现。此外，使这些先进的测试更具可访问性和经济性将具有最大的医疗卫生效益。本综述文章重点介绍了MS基于临床蛋白质组学在微生物学实验室、癌症研究和代谢紊乱诊断方面创造的新范式。该技术在疾病检测和治疗监测方面优于传统方法，因其多重复杂性能、卓越的分析特异性和敏感性以及低周转时间。尽管在开发和采用一些基于MS的临床蛋白质组学实践方面取得了成就，但预计在不久的将来将有更多的实践从实验室过渡到床边。该综述提供了早期试验和近期进展的见解（主要涵盖NCBI数据库的文献），介绍了蛋白质组学在临床实验室中的应用。© 2023年 BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature的一部分。

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have been increasingly implemented in various disciplines of laboratory medicine to identify and quantify biomolecules in a variety of biological specimens. MS-based proteomics is continuously expanding and widely applied in biomarker discovery for early detection, prognosis and markers for treatment response prediction and monitoring. Furthermore, making these advanced tests more accessible and affordable will have the greatest healthcare benefit.This review article highlights the new paradigms MS-based clinical proteomics has created in microbiology laboratories, cancer research and diagnosis of metabolic disorders. The technique is preferred over conventional methods in disease detection and therapy monitoring for its combined advantages in multiplexing capacity, remarkable analytical specificity and sensitivity and low turnaround time.Despite the achievements in the development and adoption of a number of MS-based clinical proteomics practices, more are expected to undergo transition from bench to bedside in the near future. The review provides insights from early trials and recent progresses (mainly covering literature from the NCBI database) in the application of proteomics in clinical laboratories.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.