Sjögren's病（SjD）是一种系统性自身免疫性疾病，其特点是导致外分泌腺（主要是唾液腺）慢性炎症和功能障碍，导致眼睛和口腔的干燥。该疾病可能影响不同的器官和组织，临床表现复杂多样，通常出现干燥症状、严重疲劳、慢性疼痛、重要器官受累和淋巴瘤。SjD的诊断依据是临床、血清和功能性测试结合组织学生物标志物。小唾液腺活检（mSGB）是SjD诊断的基石，可以研究特征性的B细胞和T细胞局灶浸润。此外，mSGB在预后方面可能也起到了作用，重度SjD患者的浸润更加复杂。然而，目前为止，活检对SjD并非强制性，未来，mSG超声和外周生物标志物可能会取代其作用。SjD的另一个重要方面是自身抗体的存在，尽管20%到30%的患者对特定的自身抗体（ANA、antiRo/SSA、antiLa/SSB）呈“血清阴性”。当前正在评估这一患者亚组的特点，可能需要“新”的自身抗体和生物标志物以更好地对患者进行分类和随访。版权所有 © 2023. 由Elsevier B.V.出版。

Sjӧgren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the chronic inflammation and dysfunction of exocrine glands, mainly salivary glands, causing dryness of the eyes and of the mouth. The disease may affect different organs and tissues with complex and heterogeneous clinical presentation, usually with sicca symptoms, profound fatigue, chronic pain, major organ involvement, and lymphomas. SjD diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical, serological, and functional tests with histological biomarkers. Minor salivary gland biopsy (mSGB) represents the cornerstone for the diagnosis of SjD, allowing the study of the characteristic focal infiltration of B- and T lymphocytes. Besides, mSGB might also have a prognostic role, being the infiltrates more complex in patients with severe SjD. But biopsy, so far, is not mandatory for SjD and mSG ultrasound and peripheral biomarkers might replace its role in the future. Another important aspect of SjD is the presence of autoantibodies, although 20 to 30% of patients are "seronegative" for specific autoantibodies (ANA, antiRo/SSA, antiLa/SSB). The characteristics of this subset of patients are currently under evaluation and "new" autoantibodies and biomarkers might be necessary for better patient's stratification and follow-up.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.