乙型肝炎病毒是一种病原性病毒，全球感染者达3亿人，可引发慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。乙型肝炎病毒编码四种蛋白质，其中HBx蛋白在乙型肝炎病毒的发病机制中起着核心作用。由于HBx蛋白被认为在病毒复制和肝癌发生中起着核心调控作用，其功能的调控可能是发展针对乙型肝炎的新干预措施的关键因素。本综述论文描述了与HBx蛋白相关的病毒复制和肝癌发生机制，侧重于最近报道的与Smc5/6蛋白复合物降解相关的病毒复制机制。我们还讨论了我们最近发现的一种抑制HBx蛋白诱导的Smc5/6蛋白复合物降解的化合物，以及对病毒复制和肝癌发生均具有抑制作用的效果。最后，展望了对HBx蛋白未来研究的前景。

Hepatitis B virus is a pathogenic virus that infects 300 million people worldwide and causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus encodes four proteins. Among them, the HBx protein plays a central role in the HBV pathogenesis. Because the HBx protein is considered to play a central role in the induction of viral replication and hepatocarcinogenesis, the regulation of its function could be a key factor in the development of new interventions against hepatitis B. In this review, HBx protein-related viral replication and hepatocarcinogenesis mechanisms are described, with a focus on the recently reported viral replication mechanisms related to degradation of the Smc5/6 protein complex. We also discuss our recent discovery of a compound that inhibits HBx protein-induced degradation of the Smc5/6 protein complex, and that exerts inhibitory effects on both viral replication and hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, prospects for future research on the HBx protein are described.