呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）引起儿童和老年人的下呼吸道疾病和支气管炎。目前没有有效的药物治疗RSV感染。在本研究中，我们报告了甘草苷素A（LCA）可以抑制体外RSV复制并减轻RSV诱导的细胞损伤，同时在体内LCA通过减少病毒滴度和炎症在感染小鼠肺脏中发挥保护作用。我们提出其作用机制是通过抗氧应激和炎症途径。进一步机制结果表明，LCA可以诱导核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2）转位到细胞核，激活血红素加氧酶 1（HO-1），并抑制活性氧诱导的氧化应激。LCA还可以逆转RSV引起的I-kappa B-alpha（IкBα）水平下降，从而通过相关核子因子κB和肿瘤坏死因子-α信号通路抑制炎症。这两个相互作用的途径的联合作用可保护宿主免受RSV诱导的损伤。总之，我们的研究是首次确立了LCA作为治疗RSV感染的有效方法的证据. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract diseases and bronchiolitis in children and elderly individuals. There are no effective drugs currently available to treat RSV infection. In this study, we report that Licochalcone A (LCA) can inhibit RSV replication and mitigate RSV-induced cell damage in vitro, and that LCA exerts a protective effect by reducing the viral titer and inflammation in the lungs of infected mice in vivo. We suggest that the mechanism of action occurs through pathways of antioxidant stress and inflammation. Further mechanistic results demonstrate that LCA can induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus, activate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and inhibit reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. LCA also works to reverse the decrease in I-kappa-B-alpha (IкBα) levels caused by RSV, which in turn inhibits inflammation through the associated nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling pathways. The combined action of the two cross-talking pathways protects hosts from RSV-induced damage. To conclude, our study is the first of its kind to establish evidence of LCA as a viable treatment for RSV infection.© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.