肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种致命性疾病，治疗方法有限且预后不良。在HCC中频繁发现代谢变化，包括谷氨酰胺代谢重编程。谷氨酰胺代谢的组成部分，如谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸酶、代谢产物和代谢物运输蛋白，验证为HCC的潜在生物标志物。HCC中确认了谷氨酰胺消耗的增加，通过升高谷氨酸脱氢酶或上游信号来供能增殖。谷氨酰胺代谢还作为氮源用于氨基酸或核苷酸的合成。此外，更多的谷氨酰胺在HCC中转化为谷胱甘肽作为抗氧化剂，保护HCC细胞免受氧化应激的损伤。此外，谷氨酰胺代谢重编程激活mTORC信号通路，支持肿瘤细胞增殖。针对谷氨酰胺代谢的治疗包括谷氨酰胺剥夺、相关酶抑制剂和运输蛋白抑制剂。综上所述，谷氨酰胺代谢重编程在HCC的鉴定、增殖和进展中起关键作用。© 2023 Ye，Yu，Wang和Yi。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease with limited management strategies and poor prognosis. Metabolism alternations have been frequently unveiled in HCC, including glutamine metabolic reprogramming. The components of glutamine metabolism, such as glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutaminase, metabolites, and metabolite transporters, are validated to be potential biomarkers of HCC. Increased glutamine consumption is confirmed in HCC, which fuels proliferation by elevated glutamate dehydrogenase or upstream signals. Glutamine metabolism also serves as a nitrogen source for amino acid or nucleotide anabolism. In addition, more glutamine converts to glutathione as an antioxidant in HCC to protect HCC cells from oxidative stress. Moreover, glutamine metabolic reprogramming activates the mTORC signaling pathway to support tumor cell proliferation. Glutamine metabolism targeting therapy includes glutamine deprivation, related enzyme inhibitors, and transporters inhibitors. Together, glutamine metabolic reprogramming plays a pivotal role in HCC identification, proliferation, and progression.Copyright © 2023 Ye, Yu, Wang and Yi.