本研究旨在调查四角猪毛蔓（Salsola tetragona Delile）（藜科）草药的植物化学成分和生物学活性。本研究使用DPPH•、ABTS•+、CUPRAC和金属螯合实验评估了四角猪毛蔓的粗提取物和五个分离物的抗氧化潜力。使用蛋白质变性实验确定了其抗炎活性，最小抑制浓度（MIC）则测定了对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长的抗菌活性。MTT实验和体外划痕实验评估了对细胞存活和细胞迁移的影响。通过分析ACE2和Spike蛋白的相互作用来评估其抗SARS-CoV-2活性。利用LC-HR/MS分析鉴定了该植物中的生物活性化合物。四角猪毛蔓的粗水甲醇提取物（STM）和五个分离物，即正己烷（STH）、二氯甲烷（STD）、乙酸乙酯（STE）、正丁醇（STB）和水（STW），在四种不同的测试中均显示出显著的抗氧化活性。在抗炎实验中，乙酸乙酯分离物的活性显著高于阿司匹林®（IC50 = 13 ± 5 µg/mL）。粗抽提物及其分离物均显示出良好的抗菌活性，并且MICs相似。在针对乳腺癌细胞系MCF7的细胞毒性实验中，二氯甲烷分离物（STD）非常有效，优于其他分离物（IC50 = 98 µg/mL）。此外，在抗SARS-CoV-2活性方面，乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷分离物在此测试中表现出重要活性。LC-HR/MS分析鉴定了16种不同的酚类化合物，其中11种在四角猪毛蔓属中尚未报道。结果表明，四角猪毛蔓提取物有潜力成为开发基于植物的治疗方法以管理多种疾病的新来源。© 2023 The Author(s).

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activity of Salsola tetragona Delile. (Amaranthaceae), a medicinal plant. The study evaluated the antioxidant potential of the crude extract and five fractions of S. tetragona using DPPH•, ABTS•+, CUPRAC, and metal chelating assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using a protein denaturation assay, and the antibacterial activity was determined by the Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The MTT test and an in vitro scratch assay evaluated the effects on cell viability and cell migration. The potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was assessed by analyzing the effects on the interaction between ACE2 and Spike protein. The bioactive compounds present in the plant were identified using LC-HR/MS analysis. The crude hydromethanolic extract (STM) and five fractions of S. tetragona, n-hexane (STH), dichloromethane (STD), ethyl acetate (STE), n-butanol (STB), and aqueous (STW) showed significant antioxidant activity in four different tests. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significantly higher activity than Aspirin® (IC50 = 13 ± 5 µg/mL). The crude extract and its fractions showed positive antibacterial activity with similar MICs. In the cytotoxicity assay against the breast cancer cell line MCF7, the dichloromethane fractions (STD) were very effective and demonstrated superiority over the other fractions (IC50 = 98 µg/mL). Moreover, the potential of the extract and fractions as anti-SARS-CoV-2, the ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane fractions demonstrated important activity in this test. LC-HR/MS analysis identified 16 different phenolic compounds, Eleven of which had not been previously reported in the genus Salsola. The results suggest that the extracts of S. tetragona have the potential to become new sources for developing plant-based therapies for managing a range of diseases.© 2023 The Author(s).