背景: 多发性骨髓瘤是淋巴瘤之后最常见的血液恶性肿瘤。目前鲜有研究对哥伦比亚多发性骨髓瘤患者的诊断时重要变量进行全面描述，并无关于随访患者的数据。材料与方法: 本文提供了一项回顾性队列研究，描述了在哥伦比亚麦德林市一所高度复杂医院附属的参考血液学实验室内就诊的初发多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床、实验室、细胞计数和细胞遗传特征，并以死亡作为主要结局指标对他们进行跟踪观察。结果: 共收集了421例不同单克隆免疫球蛋白病患者数据库中的170例初发多发性骨髓瘤患者。研究发现，其中50.8%为男性，中位数年龄62岁，65.4%患者分泌IgG kappa，半数患者为国际分期系统(ISS)Ⅲ期。β2微球蛋白>4 mg/L和肌酐>2 mg/dl为与生存相关的主要变量（风险比(Hazard Ratio)分别为2.4和2）。85%的患者出现了骨溶解病变，不到3%出现了骨髓外病变。与荧光原位杂交分析（FISH）相比，常规显带核型（CBK）遗传风险评估结果差。结论: 我们队列中初发多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床特点与国际研究中的描述相似。多发性骨髓瘤的诊断常见于更年轻的患者，且处于较晚期，伴有贫血和高比例的骨骼疾病。ISS可作为良好的预后工具。应对所有多发性骨髓瘤患者进行基于FISH的细胞遗传风险评估以指导治疗。需要制定标准化的骨髓样品操作和处理方案，以确保与浆细胞计数方法之间有良好的相关性。版权©2023年德黑兰医学科学大学。

Background:  Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy after lymphomas. Few studies have characterized significant and full variables at the time of diagnosis of multiple myeloma in Colombia, and there is no data evaluating patients for follow-up. Materials and Methods:  A retrospective cohort study is presented, describing the clinical, laboratory, cytometric, and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with a de novo diagnosis of multiple myeloma evaluated in a reference hematology laboratory attached to a highly complex hospital in Medellín, Colombia.  We follow them until death as a main outcome. Results:  A total of 170 patients with a de novo diagnosis of multiple myeloma were collected from a database of 421 patients with different monoclonal gammopathies. Mainly, it was found that 50.8% of the patients were men; the median age was 62 years; 65.4% had secretion of the IgG kappa; half of the patients presented International Staging System (ISS) Stage III. The β2 macroglobulin >4 mg/L and creatinine >2 mg/dl were the main variables significantly associated with survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.4 and 2, respectively). Eighty-five percent of patients presented with bone lytic lesion involvement and less than 3% with extramedullary involvement. Conventional Banding Karyotype (CBK) genetic risk assessment yield was poor, compared with although scarce data regarding Cytogenetic risk assessment based on Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH). Conclusion:  The clinical profile of the patients with a de novo diagnosis of multiple myeloma in our cohort is similar to that described in international studies. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was documented at younger ages, with more advanced stages, anemia, and a high percentage of bone disease. ISS provides an excellent tool for prognosis purposes. Cytogenetic risk assessment based on FISH should be done for all MM patients from therapeutic implications. We need standardized protocols for bone marrow sample manipulation and processing in order to guarantee good correlation for plasma cells count methods.Copyright © 2023 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.