益生菌因其预防和治疗抗生素相关性腹泻（AAD）的能力而被广泛认可。本研究旨在评估Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051在AAD小鼠模型中预防结肠炎症并对肠道微生物组成的影响。小鼠经口给予三重抗生素处理7天，然后接受L. plantarum ELF051处理14天。给予L. plantarum ELF051处理改善了结肠组织的病理变化，下调了白细胞介素（IL）-1β和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的表达，上调了IL-10的表达，并提高了肠道短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）水平。Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051还调节了Toll样受体/髓样分化初应答蛋白88/核因子κB增强活化的B细胞（TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB）和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/ NF-κB（PI3K/AKT/ NF-κB）炎症信号通路。16S rRNA序列分析显示，L. plantarum ELF051增加了肠道细菌的丰度和多样性，恢复了肠道微生物群失衡。Spearman等级相关分析显示乳酸菌与炎症标志物和SCFAs密切相关。本研究表明，L. plantarum ELF051通过抑制炎症反应和调节肠道微生物群可以减轻抗生素引起的小鼠肠道炎症反应。© 2023. 作者。

Probiotics are widely recognized for their ability to prevent and therapy antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). This study was designed to evaluate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051 ability to prevent colon inflammation and its effect on gut microbial composition in a mouse model of AAD. The mice were intragastrically administered triple antibiotics for 7 days and then subjected to L. plantarum ELF051 for 14 days. The administration of L. plantarum ELF051 ameliorated the pathological changes in the colon tissue, downregulated interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and upregulated IL-10, and increased the intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELF051 also regulated the Toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ NF-κB (PI3K/AKT/ NF-κB) inflammatory signaling pathways. 16S rRNA analyses showed that L. plantarum ELF051 increased the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria, restoring gut microbiota imbalance. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that lactobacilli are closely associated with inflammatory markers and SCFAs. This work demonstrated that L. plantarum ELF051 can attenuate antibiotic-induced intestinal inflammation in a mouse AAD model by suppressing the pro-inflammatory response and modulating the gut microbiota.© 2023. The Author(s).