在全球卫生组织中，开发针对传染病的预防或治疗药物是一项优先任务之一。需要创新的解决方案以实现对大部分传染病的有效、安全和可获得的治疗，特别是那些慢性或随时间突然出现的传染病。遗传技术为设计对抗病原体的疗法提供了多种可能性。最近的发展，如mRNA疫苗、CRISPR基因编辑和免疫疗法给传染病领域带来了前所未有的希望，可以取得重要成果。本综述将重点关注该领域的进展，展示其与其他领域（如肿瘤学）的交互作用，并着重讨论在向全球各个不同人群推广这些进步时需要考虑的一些后勤和经济上的关切。

The development of prophylatic or therapeutic medicines for infectious diseases is one of the priorities for health organizations worldwide. Innovative solutions are required to achieve effective, safe, and accessible treatments for most if not all infectious diseases, particularly those that are chronic in nature or that emerge unexpectedly over time. Genetic technologies offer versatile possibilities to design therapies against pathogens. Recent developments such as mRNA vaccines, CRISPR gene editing, and immunotherapies provide unprecendented hope to achieve significant results in the field of infectious diseases. This review will focus on advances in this domain, showcasing the cross-fertilization with other fields (e.g., oncology), and addressing some of the logistical and economical concerns important to consider when making these advances accessible to diverse populations around the world.