阴茎鳞状细胞癌（PC）是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，在转移性环境中预后严峻，因此需要创新的免疫治疗方法。免疫检查点分子程序性细胞死亡配体 1（PD-L1）是其中之一。我们旨在分析PD-L1的表达及其与不同临床病理参数的相关性，在包括134名PC患者在内的当代队列中进行研究。研究了134例PC患者的PD-L1免疫组化。使用组合比例评分来评估PD-L1的表达，以1或更高的得分作为阳性的定义。结果与不同临床病理参数进行了相关性分析。总体而言，77（57%）患者表达了阳性的PD-L1。高度PD-L1表达在高级别肿瘤中明显增加（P = .006）。我们发现37%的人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）相关亚型和73%的其他组织学类型的肿瘤表达了PD-L1，而63%的HPV相关肿瘤和27%的其他组织学类型的肿瘤没有表达（比值比为1.35；P = .002，与HPV相关组与其他组进行比较）。同样，PD-L1阳性肿瘤比PD-L1阴性肿瘤有3.61倍的可能是淋巴节点阳性（P = .0009）。此外，PD-L1高度阳性肿瘤比PD-L1低度阳性肿瘤具有5倍的可能是p16ink4a阴性（P = .004）。PD-L1阳性肿瘤的总体存活率和癌特异性存活率都较低。总的来说，PD-L1的表达与高级别和转移性肿瘤相关。与其他主要非HPV相关类型相比，较低的PD-L1表达在HPV相关（疣状或基底样）亚型中更频繁出现。因此，包括较高表达在内的PD-L1阳性表明较低的总体存活率和癌特异性存活率。这些数据为进一步研究基于PD-L1的PC免疫治疗提供了理由。 © 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表美国临床病理学会发表。保留所有权利。如需权限，请发送邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Penile squamous cell carcinomas (PCs) are rare malignancies with a dismal prognosis in a metastatic setting; therefore, novel immunotherapeutic modalities are an unmet need. One such modality is the immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We sought to analyze PD-L1 expression and its correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters in a contemporary cohort of 134 patients with PC.A cohort of 134 patients with PC was studied for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. The PD-L1 expression was evaluated using a combined proportion score with a cutoff of 1 or higher to define positivity. The results were correlated with various clinicopathologic parameters.Overall, 77 (57%) patients had positive PD-L1 expression. Significantly high PD-L1 expression was observed in high-grade tumors (P = .006). We found that 37% of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated subtypes and 73% of other histotype tumors expressed PD-L1, while 63% of HPV-associated tumors and 27% of other histotype tumors did not (odds ratio, 1.35; P = .002 when compared for HPV-associated groups vs all others). Similarly, PD-L1-positive tumors had a 3.61-times higher chance of being node positive than PD-L1-negative tumors (P = .0009). In addition, PD-L1 high-positive tumors had a 5-times higher chance of being p16ink4a negative than PD-L1 low-positive tumors (P = .004). The PD-L1-positive tumors had a lower overall survival and cancer-specific survival than PD-L1-negative tumors.Overall, PD-L1 expression is associated with high-grade and metastatic tumors. Lower PD-L1 expression is observed more frequently in HPV-associated (warty or basaloid) subtypes than in other, predominantly HPV-independent types. As a result, PD-L1 positivity, including higher expression, portends lower overall and cancer-specific survival. These data provide a rational for further investigating PD-L1-based immunotherapeutics in PC.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pathology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.