皮下真菌病是由肉食性、广泛存在的高度机会主义真菌病原体引起的感染。免疫紊乱个体往往易感染这些病原体。真菌病是一种罕见的真菌感染，主要影响儿童和成年男性，并已知可引起健康个体的感染。通过使用特殊染料演示真菌元素进行诊断，该疾病对口服抗真菌药物反应良好。长期使用抗真菌药物可以减少病变出现肿块时的手术干预需要。我们报告了一例20多岁的免疫能力正常的哺乳母亲，她的右臂出现了软组织肿块。诊断为皮下真菌病，并接受长期使用氟康唑治疗。经过治疗2个月后，病变明显缩小。在四肢出现病变性肿块的皮下真菌感染可能与肿瘤类似。在组织病理学检查中，应排除富含炎症细胞的病变性病灶中的真菌感染。© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. 不得进行商业再利用。请参阅版权和权限。BMJ发表。

Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis is an infection caused by saprophytic, ubiquitous and highly opportunistic fungal pathogens. Individuals with immune disorders are frequently susceptible to these infections. Entomophthoromycosis is a rare fungal infection that primarily affects children andmen, and is known to cause infection in healthy individuals. Diagnosis of the disease is by demonstration of fungal elements using special stains, and the disease responds well to oral antifungal agents. Long-term antifungal agents reduce the need for surgical intervention when the disease presents as a mass. We report a case of an immunocompetent nursing mother in her 20s who presented with a soft tissue mass in her right arm. It was diagnosed as subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis and treated with long-term fluconazole. The lesion showed a significant reduction in size following treatment for 2 months. Subcutaneous fungal infection presenting as a mass-forming lesion in extremities may mimic a neoplasm. Fungal infection should be ruled out in inflammatory cell-rich lesions seen on histopathological examination.© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.