目标是解析荷斯坦奶牛随产期诺病相关的围产期免疫和代谢变化。收集128头荷斯坦奶牛的血样，分别在产前-14、0、3和7天采集。使用流式细胞术评估血液白细胞计数、比例和激活。评估总细胞数、活细胞（LiveDead-）、单细胞、单核细胞（CD172α+/CD14+）、多形核细胞（PMN; CD172α+/CD14-/SSChigh）、B细胞（CD21+/MHCII+）、CD4+ T细胞（CD4+）、CD8+ T细胞（CD8+）和γδ T细胞（γδTCR+）。使用CD62L和CD11b作为细胞激活的标志物。使用主要组织相容性复合体II作为单核细胞抗原呈递的标志物。使用MILLIPLEX Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine 08-plex试剂盒评估干扰素-γ、细胞因子-1α、细胞因子-1β、细胞因子-4、细胞因子-6、细胞因子-8、细胞因子-10和肿瘤坏死因子-α的血浆浓度。产前的体重变化通过将产前体重损失与测量间隔时间之差除以测量天数来计算。使用非靶向气相色谱和飞行时间质谱检测产前-14和0天的血浆脂肪酸。数据采用重复测量的方差分析进行分析。患诺病的奶牛（n=57）在产前体重、产前体重损失和产时脂肪酸浓度方面较高。产时脂肪酸与细胞因子-1β呈正相关。患诺病的奶牛在产前和产后持续存在全身性炎症，表现为较高的B细胞激活、较高的前炎细胞因子浓度和较高的细胞损伤。产后，观察到前炎细胞激活和渗出不同，但单核细胞和CD4+ T细胞的激活和渗出较少，这表明产后存在免疫耐受。患诺病的奶牛产前较高的脂肪堆积可能导致产前和产后的全身性炎症以及产后的免疫耐受，这可能导致无法预防细菌感染，并发展为产褥诺病。由Elsevier Inc.和Fass Inc.代表美国奶牛科学协会®出版，这是一篇遵循CC BY许可协议的开放获取文章(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)。

The objective was to unravel the peripartum immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in Holstein cows. Holstein cows (n = 128) had blood collected at -14, 0, 3, and 7 d relative to parturition (DRP). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate blood leukocyte counts, proportions, and activation. Total cells, live cells (LiveDead-), single cells, monocytes (CD172α+/CD14+), polymorphonuclears (PMN; CD172α+/CD14-/SSChigh), B-cells (CD21+/MHCII+), CD4+ T-cells (CD4+), CD8+ T-cells (CD8+), and γδ T-cells (γδTCR+) were evaluated. CD62L and CD11b were used as markers of cell activation. Major histocompatibility complex class II was used as a marker of antigen presentation in monocytes. A MILLIPLEX Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine 08-plex kit was used to evaluate plasma concentrations of interferon-γ, Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The body weight (BW) change prepartum was calculated as the difference between calving BW and prepartum BW divided by the number of days between measurements. Plasma fatty acids (FA) were measured at -14 and 0 DRP using untargeted gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Cows that developed metritis (n = 57) had greater prepartum BW, prepartum BW loss, and greater FA concentrations at calving. Plasma FA at calving was positively correlated with IL-1β. Cows that developed metritis had persistent systemic inflammation, which was demonstrated by greater B-cell activation, greater pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and greater cell damage pre- and postpartum. Postpartum, we observed greater polymorphonuclear cell activation and extravasation but lesser monocytes and CD4+ T-cells activation and extravasation, which suggests postpartum immune tolerance. Greater prepartum adiposity in cows that developed metritis may lead to systemic inflammation pre- and postpartum and immune tolerance postpartum, which may lead to failure to prevent bacterial infection, and development of puerperal metritis.The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).