甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）的颈部复发在初次手术后频繁发现。这些病变的处理可能包括救治手术或对特定患者进行微创技术，但缺乏评估有效性和安全性的比较研究。在本文中，我们对选择病例中的超声引导下乙醇消融（EA）与救治手术（RS）进行了比较。我们回顾性地比较了41名患者和41名与之匹配的PTC患者（无已知远处转移），他们接受了超声引导下的EA或RS，（匹配参照组），分别随访了63和75个確定为PTC复发的甲状腺床和/或淋巴结，中位随访时间分别为72.83和89.6个月。主要结果是结构性复发时间，使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行比较。次要结果包括：生化复发时间，血浆甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）水平和根据最后可获得的观察而确定的ATA治疗响应类别，以及各组中的治疗相关并发症。EA组和RS组在结构性复发时间方面没有差异（对数秩检验，p=0.94）。生化复发时间也相似（p=0.51）；血浆Tg浓度下降和ATA重分级类别的患者比例也相似。RS组中的治疗相关并发症患者比例明显较高（21.42% vs. 9.3%；p<0.05）。在这个回顾性分析中，对于甲状腺乳头状癌颈部复发的治疗，选择病例中使用乙醇消融与匹配参照组中的救治手术在长期结构或生化复发的风险方面是可比的，但治疗相关并发症的风险较低。这些结果支持该微创技术在治疗选择性甲状腺乳头状癌复发的患者中的有效性和安全性。

Neck recurrences of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are frequently detected after initial surgery. Management of these lesions may include rescue surgery or minimally invasive techniques in selected patients, but comparative studies evaluating effectiveness and safety are lacking. In this paper we performed a comparison of ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation (EA) in selected patients versus rescue surgery (RS) in a matched cohort.We retrospectively compared 41 patients and 41 matched PTC patients without known distant metastases, who underwent ultrasound-guided EA or RS, (matched reference group) over 63 and 75 thyroid bed and/or lymph node confirmed PTC recurrences with a median follow-up of 72.83 and 89.6 months, respectively. Main outcome was time until structural recurrence, compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Secondary outcomes included: time until biochemical recurrence, plasma thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and ATA Response-to-therapy categories by last available observation, and treatment-derived complications in each group.No differences were found between EA and RS groups for time until structural recurrence (Log-Rank test, p=0.94). Time until biochemical recurrence was also similar (p=0.51); and plasma Tg concentration reductions and proportions of patients in ATA reclassification categories were also similar. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the RS group presented treatment-derived complications (21.42% vs. 9.3%; p<0.05).In this retrospective analysis, treatment of PTC neck recurrences with ethanol ablation in selected patients was comparable to rescue surgery in a matched reference group for the long-term risk of structural or biochemical relapse, but with a lower risk of treatment-derived complications. These results support the effectiveness and safety of this minimally invasive technique in the management of selected patients with papillary thyroid cancer recurrence.