尽管肿瘤的程序性死亡配体2（PD-L2）在尿路上皮膀胱癌（UBC）中的预后意义尚未被深入研究，但它有潜力成为癌症免疫调控因子之一。在寻找支持性生物标志物时，作为一个容易获取的免疫状态替代标记物，中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（NLR）已与各种癌症的临床结果和其他预后因素相关。在这里，我们评估了膀胱癌中PD-L2表达基线NLR的预后能力。我们使用了一组回顾性队列研究作者机构的UBC患者。我们根据其PD-L2和NLR水平对患者进行分类。我们将每组的预后结果与无病生存（DFS）和总生存期（OS）进行关联。有30名患者的肿瘤具有阳性的PD-L2表达。我们发现PD-L2表达与NLR之间没有显著相关性。PD-L2状态未能提供显著的预后影响（PD-L2高组和PD-L2低组5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为42.85％和65.75％，p = 0.057，PD-L2高组和PD-L2低组5年无病生存率分别为42.85％和62.5％，p = 0.112）。NLR状态在预后影响中也未能显着展现（PD-L2高组和PD-L2低组5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为44.44％和66.66％，p = 0.232，PD-L2高组和PD-L2低组5年无病生存率分别为55.55％和71.43％，P = 0.894）。当PD-L2状态和NLR状态相结合时，NLR低和PD-L2低是预测有利的无疾病生存的重要因素（风险比4.525 [95％置信区间1.020至20.080]，P = 0.047），然而，多因素分析未显示其为独立影响因素。这些发现表明PD-L2表达的预后影响可能会受到NLR状态的影响。

The prognostic significance of tumoral programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in urothelial bladder cancer (UBCs) is under-investigated , although it can potentially  to become a regulatory agent of cancer immunity. In the search for supporting biomarkers, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a readily available surrogate marker of immune status has been associated with clinical outcomes and other prognostic factors in various types  of cancer. Here we evaluate the prognostic ability of baseline NLR in addition to PD-L2 expression in bladder cancer.We used a retrospective cohort of UBCs patients from the authors' institutions. We classified patients according to their PD-L2 and NLR levels. We associated the prognostic outcome of each group with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).Thirty patients had a tumor with positive PD-L2 expression. We found no significant correlation between PD-L2 expression and NLR. PD-L2 status failed to provide a significant prognostic impact (disease-free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS] rate at 5 years, 42.85% in PD-L2-high versus 65.75% in PD-L2-low patients; p = 0.057, 42.85% in PD-L2-high patients versus 62.5% in PD-L2-low patients; p = 0.112, respectively). NLR status also failed to exhibit a significant prognostic impact (DFS and OS rate at 5 years, 44.44% in PD-L2-high versus 66.66% in PD-L2-low patients; p = 0.232, 55.55% in PD-L2-high versus 71.43% in PD-L2-low patients; P = 0.894, respectively). When PD-L2 status and NLR status were combined, the NLR-low and PD-L2-low were significant factors to predict a favorable disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 4.525 [95% confidence interval, 1.020 to 20.080]; P = 0.047. However, the multivariate analysis failed to show it as an independent factor.These findings suggest that the prognostic impact of PD-L2 expression could be affected by the NLR status.