由于人工合成药物的能源消耗障碍增加，种族药用植物在非洲、亚洲和大部分世界范围内重新受到广泛关注。黄藤属是东南亚和北美地区具有著名文化和药用意义的一类传统植物。黄藤属据报道有三个物种，包括红黄藤（Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Camp.) Benth.）、勿忘我[却]及草（Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.）和黄藤（Gelsemium rankinii Small）。其中，红黄藤因毒性而闻名，并被用作皮肤问题、神经痛、骨折和癌症的传统治疗方剂。第一本记载红黄藤这种有毒药物的著作是中国的古代中药《神农本草经》。相传，神农皇帝被红黄藤毒死，因此在中国也被称为断肠草。此外，勿忘我的叶浸膏也被用于治疗脊柱炎症，并减少脊髓中心的血流。本综述旨在提供关于黄藤及其内生真菌的传统用途、植物化学、药理学和毒理学的最新信息，并对黄藤解毒的机制进行回顾。对于此次更新的综述，我们在科学数据库PubMed、ScienceDirect、Wiley、中国知网（CNKI）、Web of Science、SciFinder和Google Scholar上进行了文献调查和搜索，使用相关关键词进行检索。据报告，黄藤属植物都是单萜吲哚生物碱的丰富来源。早期的植物化学研究已报道了黄藤及其内生真菌超过200种生物碱，由于它们多样且复杂的结构，这些生物碱引起了药剂师和植物化学家的广泛关注。本文总结并描述了使用各种化学方法研究的黄藤植物成分的生物活性。考虑到黄藤在传统应用方面的巨大影响，本文重点关注了分离化合物在抗肿瘤、抗炎、镇痛和抗焦虑、免疫刺激和免疫抑制等方面的活性，这提供了支持黄藤属植物的民族药理学功效的证据。与以往黄藤属综述不同的是，据我们所知，本次综述首次总结了它内生真菌中最近报道的天然产物。文献资料明确表明黄藤的结构和生物活性对于民间和学术界的各种学者具有广泛吸引力。然而，作为一类高毒性的植物，黄藤的解毒机制和毒理学研究在进入临床研究之前迫切需要开展。值得注意的是，结构与生物活性之间关系的讨论是一个有价值的期待话题，而对活性或有毒成分进行结构修饰可能为毒理学的突破提供启示。除了黄藤属植物的化合物外，最近报道的黄藤属植物内生真菌的天然产物可能为其民间医药使用和民族学的有效性提供补充。版权所有© Bentham Science Publishers；如有任何问题，请发送电子邮件至epub@benthamscience.net。

The use of ethnic medicinal plants has revitalized wide popularity in Africa, Asia, and most of the world because of the energy consumption barriers increase of synthetic drugs. Gelsemium is a traditional genus of plants with famous cultural and medicinal significance in Southeast Asia and North America. Three species are reported from the genus Gelsemium, including Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Camp.) Benth., Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil., and Gelsemium rankinii Small. Among them, G. elegans is well known for its toxicity and is used as a traditional remedy for skin problems, neuralgia, fractures, and cancer. The first record of the toxic medicine G. elegans is the Chinese herbal medicine classically known as Shen-Nong Ben-Cao Jing. In the legend, the Shennong emperor was poisoned by G. elegans, hence, it is also well-known as Duan Chang Cao in China. In addition, G. sempervirens tincture is also used in the treatment of inflammation of the spinalcolumn, and diminishes blood to the cerebrospinal centers.This review aims to provide up-to-date information on Gelsemium and its endophytic fungi on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Mechanism studies regarding the detoxification profile of Gelsemium are also reviewed.For this updated review, the literature survey and search were performed on the scientific databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, China CNKI, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar using the relevant keywords.The plants of the genus Gelsemium are all reported as rich sources of monoterpene indole alkaloids. Previous phytochemical studies published more than 200 alkaloids from Gelsemium and its endophytic fungi, which have attracted considerable attention from pharmaceutists and phytochemists due to their diverse and complex structures. The bioactivities of Gelsemium phytoconstituents studied using various chemical methods are summarized and described herein. Considering the huge influence of Gelsemium regarding its traditional applications, the activities of isolated compounds were focused on the anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antianxiety, immunostimulatory, and immunosuppressive properties, which provide evidence supporting the ethnopharmacological effectiveness of the genus Gelsemium. Unlike all previous reviews of genus Gelsemium, to the best of our knowledge, the recently reported natural products from its endophytic fungi are first time summarized in this review.It is clearly suggested from the literature information that the structures and biological activities of Gelsemium have a wide range of attraction from folk to the community of scholars. However, as a highly toxic genus, the work on the detoxification mechanism and toxicology of Gelsemium is urgently needed before entering clinical research. It is noteworthy that the discussion about the relationship between structural and biological activities are a valuable topic of expectation, while the structural modification for active or toxic components may shed light on toxicological breakthrough. Besides the compounds from the plants of genus Gelsemium, the recently reported natural products from its endophytic fungi may provide a supplement for its ethnomedicinal uses and ethnological validity.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.