关于种族/种族主义以及其与社会经济地位（SES）对全球最常见的女性癌症——乳腺癌和宫颈癌的影响，目前的证据有限。我们调查了乳腺癌和宫颈癌死亡率中的种族不平等问题，并研究了SES（教育和家庭状况）与种族/族群之间是否存在交互作用。我们将《1亿巴西人队列》数据与2004-2015年巴西死亡数据库（成人女性n=20,665,005）进行了关联分析。我们使用泊松回归分析了自报种族/族群（白人/'Parda'(棕色)/黑人/亚洲人/土著）与肿瘤死亡率之间的关联，调整了年龄、日历年份、教育水平、家庭状况和居住地区。我们评估了加法和乘法交互作用。相比于白人妇女，土著妇女（校准死亡率比=1.80, 95%CI 1.39-2.33）、亚洲妇女（1.63, 1.20-2.22）、'Parda'(棕色)妇女（1.27, 1.21-1.33）和黑人妇女（1.18, 1.09-1.28）的宫颈癌死亡率较高。相比于白人妇女，黑人妇女的乳腺癌死亡率较高（1.10, 1.04-1.17）。在家庭条件差的妇女中，宫颈癌死亡的种族不平等问题更为显著，而教育水平低的妇女中则较小（P for multiplicative interaction <0.001和0.02，分别）。相较于生活在完全适宜（3-4）家庭条件下的白人妇女，家庭条件为3-4、1-2和没有适宜条件的黑人妇女的宫颈癌死亡风险分别为1.10 (1.01-1.21)、1.48 (1.28-1.71)和2.03 (1.56-2.63)（由于交互作用引起的相对过度风险-RERI=0.78, 0.18-1.38）。'Parda'(棕色)妇女的风险分别为1.18 (1.11-1.25)、1.68 (1.56-1.81)和1.84 (1.63-2.08)（RERI=0.52, 0.16-0.87）。相较于受过高等教育的白人妇女，受过高、中和低等教育的黑人妇女的风险分别为1.14 (0.83-1.55)、1.93 (1.57-2.38)和2.75 (2.33-3.25)（RERI=0.36, -0.05-0.77）。'Parda'(棕色)妇女的风险分别为1.09 (0.91-1.31)、1.99 (1.70-2.33)和3.03 (2.61-3.52)（RERI=0.68, 0.48-0.88）。乳腺癌未发现交互作用。低SES扩大了宫颈癌死亡的种族不平等问题。我们需要解决种族/族群、SES和性别的交叉问题，以减少种族健康不平等现象。

There is limited evidence regarding the impact of race/racism and its intersection with socioeconomic status (SES) on breast and cervical cancer, the two most common female cancers globally. We investigated racial inequalities in breast and cervical cancer mortality and whether SES (education and household conditions) interacted with race/ethnicity.The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort data were linked to the Brazilian Mortality Database, 2004-2015 (n = 20,665,005 adult women). We analysed the association between self-reported race/ethnicity (White/'Parda'(Brown)/Black/Asian/Indigenous) and cancer mortality using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, calendar year, education, household conditions and area of residence. Additive and multiplicative interactions were assessed.Cervical cancer mortality rates were higher among Indigenous (adjusted Mortality rate ratio = 1.80, 95%CI 1.39-2.33), Asian (1.63, 1.20-2.22), 'Parda'(Brown) (1.27, 1.21-1.33) and Black (1.18, 1.09-1.28) women vs White women. Breast cancer mortality rates were higher among Black (1.10, 1.04-1.17) vs White women. Racial inequalities in cervical cancer mortality were larger among women of poor household conditions, and low education (P for multiplicative interaction <0.001, and 0.02, respectively). Compared to White women living in completely adequate (3-4) household conditions, the risk of cervical cancer mortality in Black women with 3-4, 1-2, and none adequate conditions was 1.10 (1.01-1.21), 1.48 (1.28-1.71), and 2.03 (1.56-2.63), respectively (Relative excess risk due to interaction-RERI = 0.78, 0.18-1.38). Among 'Parda'(Brown) women the risk was 1.18 (1.11-1.25), 1.68 (1.56-1.81), and 1.84 (1.63-2.08), respectively (RERI = 0.52, 0.16-0.87). Compared to high-educated White women, the risk in high-, middle- and low-educated Black women was 1.14 (0.83-1.55), 1.93 (1.57-2.38) and 2.75 (2.33-3.25), respectively (RERI = 0.36, -0.05-0.77). Among 'Parda'(Brown) women the risk was 1.09 (0.91-1.31), 1.99 (1.70-2.33) and 3.03 (2.61-3.52), respectively (RERI = 0.68, 0.48-0.88). No interactions were found for breast cancer.Low SES magnified racial inequalities in cervical cancer mortality. The intersection between race/ethnicity, SES and gender needs to be addressed to reduce racial health inequalities.