胃肠道（GI）癌症在全球范围内构成了重大的健康负担，需要在诊断和治疗方法上取得突破。一种有希望的途径是利用下一代生物标志物，这有可能彻底改变GI癌症管理的方式。本综述探讨了围绕下一代免疫治疗生物标志物应用的最新突破和专家意见。它涵盖了目前在GI癌症上应用的免疫治疗生物标志物的各个方面，重点关注微卫星稳定型癌症。它探讨了下一代生物标志物的有希望研究，包括集成到临床实践中的挑战以及标准化协议和监管准则的需求。免疫分型、多重免疫组化、免疫细胞子集的分析以及结合机器学习方法的新型基因组和表观基因组标志物为确定可靠的生物标志物提供了新途径。基于液体活检的方法，如循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）和外泌体分析，有望实现实时监测和早期治疗反应的早期检测。

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers pose a significant health burden worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic and treatment approaches. One promising avenue is the utilization of next-generation biomarkers, which hold the potential to revolutionize GI cancer management.This review explores the latest breakthroughs and expert opinions surrounding the application of next generation immunotherapy biomarkers. It encompasses various aspects of the currently utilized biomarkers of immunotherapy in the context of GI cancers focusing on microsatellite stable cancers. It explores the promising research on the next generation of biomarkers addressing the challenges associated with integrating them into clinical practice and the need for standardized protocols and regulatory guidelines.Immune profiling, multiplex immunohistochemistry, analysis of immune cell subsets, and novel genomic and epigenomic markers integrated with machine-learning approaches offer new avenues for identifying robust biomarkers. Liquid biopsy-based approaches, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosome-based analyses, hold promise for real-time monitoring and early detection of treatment response.