目的：研究在绝经前亚洲女性中，根据月经周期的变化，筛查乳腺摄影的性能指标。方法：回顾性研究纳入了2011年至2019年间接受首次筛查乳腺摄影的69,556名绝经前亚洲女性。通过将研究数据与国家癌症登记数据相联系，确定了索引筛查乳腺摄影后12个月内是否诊断为乳腺癌，作为参考标准。根据周期1至4进行计算，并将参与者分组。性能指标包括乳腺癌检出率（CDR）、敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值（PPV），并通过月经周期进行比较。结果：在不同月经周期中，第4周的乳腺癌检出率最低，为每1000名妇女中的4.7例（95%置信区间[CI]，每1000名妇女中的3.8-5.8例）（所有P值<0.05）。在第1周观察到最高的敏感性为72.7%（95% CI，61.4-82.3），尽管结果未达到统计学意义。第1周观察到最高的特异性为80.4%（95% CI，79.5-81.3%）（P值=0.01）。第4周的阳性预测值最低，为2.2%（95% CI，1.8-2.7）（所有P值<0.05）。亚洲女性在月经周期中，筛查乳腺摄影在第1周的性能较高，在第4周的性能较低。这些结果强调了根据月经周期进行筛查乳腺摄影以优化乳腺癌检测效果的时机建议的重要性。 © 2023. 作者，独家许可给Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Springer Nature的一部分。

To investigate the performance metrics of screening mammography according to menstrual cycle week in premenopausal Asian women.This retrospective study included 69,556 premenopausal Asian women who underwent their first screening mammography between 2011 and 2019. The presence or absence of a breast cancer diagnosis within 12 months after the index screening mammography served as the reference standard, determined by linking the study data to the national cancer registry data. Menstrual cycles were calculated, and participants were assigned to groups according to weeks 1-4. The performance metrics included cancer detection rate (CDR), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV), with comparisons across menstrual cycles.Among menstrual cycles, the lowest CDR at 4.7 per 1000 women (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-5.8 per 1000 women) was observed in week 4 (all P < 0.05). The highest sensitivity of 72.7% (95% CI, 61.4-82.3) was observed in week 1, although the results failed to reach statistical significance. The highest specificity of 80.4% (95% CI, 79.5-81.3%) was observed in week 1 (P = 0.01). The lowest PPV of 2.2% (95% CI, 1.8-2.7) was observed in week 4 (all P < 0.05).Screening mammography tended to show a higher performance during week 1 and a lower performance during week 4 of the menstrual cycle among Asian women. These results emphasize the importance of timing recommendations that consider menstrual cycles to optimize the effectiveness of screening mammography for breast cancer detection.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.