急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是儿童最常见的恶性肿瘤。T细胞亚型（T-ALL）占儿科ALL病例的10-15％，历来与B细胞ALL（B-ALL）相比有较差的预后。近年来，儿童密集化疗方案显著改善了T-ALL的预后。然而，大多数复发的T-ALL患儿预后不佳，且治疗选择相对较少，比B-ALL更少。在证明对复发T-ALL有效后，奈拉布因正在越来越多地纳入前线T-ALL治疗方案中。基因组测序的发展导致了新的T-ALL亚型的发现和潜在的靶向治疗方法，这可能改善患者的预后并减少目前治疗所带来的毒性。免疫疗法和细胞疗法方案也正在对T细胞恶性肿瘤进行早期研究。本综述概述了T-ALL的临床和生物学特征，并对难治性和复发T-ALL的新治疗选项进行了概述。©2023年。作者（们），在K C Chaudhuri基金会独有许可下发表。

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. The T-cell subtype (T-ALL) accounts for 10-15% of pediatric ALL cases and has been historically associated with outcomes inferior to those of B-cell ALL (B-ALL). The prognosis of T-ALL has significantly improved with contemporary intensive pediatric regimens. However, most children with relapsed T-ALL have dismal outcomes and fewer therapeutic salvage options than those available for B-ALL. After demonstrating efficacy in relapsed T-ALL, nelarabine is being increasingly incorporated into frontline T-ALL regimens. The development of genomic sequencing has led to the identification of new T-ALL subgroups and potential targeted therapeutic approaches which could improve patients' outcomes and reduce the toxicity associated with current therapy. Immunotherapy and cellular therapy regimens are also under early investigation in T-cell malignancies. This review outlines the clinical and biological characteristics of T-ALL and provides an overview of novel treatment options for refractory and relapsed T-ALL.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.