肺癌是全球范围内最常见和致命的癌症类型，其高发病率和死亡率主要归因于早期检测、广泛转移和频繁复发所带来的挑战。在肺癌发展的背景下，非编码RNA分子在调控基因表达和蛋白合成方面起着关键作用。具体而言，tRNA衍生片段（tRFs）作为非编码RNA的一个子集，在癌症进展中对转录和翻译过程以及表观遗传调控产生了显著的生物学影响。本文主要研究tRFs如何调节基因表达并对肺癌发生发展起到作用的机制。此外，我们还全面概述了目前在肺癌中对tRFs进行的生物信息学分析，旨在为研究该疾病中tRFs的表达谱、功能富集和分子机制提供系统高效的方法。最后，我们讨论了tRFs在肺癌中的临床意义和未来研究的潜在途径。本文综述了现有关于tRFs在肺癌中的研究发现，旨在为肺癌的临床管理提供更好的生物标记物和药物靶点。© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Lung cancer, being the most widespread and lethal form of cancer globally, has a high incidence and mortality rate primarily attributed to challenges associated with early detection, extensive metastasis, and frequent recurrence. In the context of lung cancer development, noncoding RNA molecules have a crucial role in governing gene expression and protein synthesis. Specifically, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), a subset of noncoding RNAs, exert significant biological influences on cancer progression, encompassing transcription and translation processes as well as epigenetic regulation. This article primarily examines the mechanisms by which tRFs modulate gene expression and contribute to tumorigenesis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current bioinformatics analysis of tRFs in lung cancer, with the objective of offering a systematic and efficient approach for studying the expression profiling, functional enrichment, and molecular mechanisms of tRFs in this disease. Finally, we discuss the clinical significance and potential avenues for future research on tRFs in lung cancer. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of the existing research findings on tRFs in lung cancer, aiming to offer improved biomarkers and drug targets for clinical management of lung cancer.© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.