磁性颗粒是生物净化和检测的领先分离材料。然而，现有的磁性颗粒几乎完全依赖于分子级相互作用，往往在高效细胞级分离中遇到表面结构效应低估的瓶颈。在这里，我们报道了一种受免疫细胞启发的具有纳米须毛的磁性颗粒（NFMPs），通过界面聚合制备，用于高效捕获循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）并进一步精确诊断前列腺癌。通过引入乳液界面聚合中的静电相互作用，实现了基于聚合物的磁性颗粒上的独特纳米须毛的构建。由于独特的纳米须毛结构，与光滑磁性颗粒（SMPs，35.7% ± 5.7%）相比，NFMPs具有显著增强的CTCs捕获效率（86.5% ± 2.8%）。在与前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）和游离总PSA（F/T-PSA）相结合的机器学习辅助下，NFMPs策略在PSA灰区进行前列腺癌临床诊断时表现出高敏感性（100%），高特异性（93.3%）和高曲线下面积（AUC）值（98.1%）。预期NFMPs将作为基于CTCs的液体活检的高效平台用于早期癌症诊断和预后评估。本文受版权保护，版权所有。

Magnetic particles are leading separation materials for biological purification and detection. Existing magnetic particles, which almost rely on molecule-level interactions, however, often encounter bottlenecks in highly efficient cell-level separation due to the underestimate of surface structure effects. Here, we report immune cell-inspired magnetic particles with nano-filopodia (NFMPs) produced by interfacial polymerization for highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and further accurate clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer. The unprecedented construction of nano-filopodia on polymer-based magnetic particles is achieved by introducing electrostatic interactions in emulsion interfacial polymerization. Due to the unique nano-filopodia, the NFMPs allow remarkably enhanced CTCs capture efficiency (86.5% ± 2.8%) compared with smooth magnetic particles (SMPs, 35.7% ± 5.7%). Under the assistance of machine learning by combining with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free to total PSA (F/T-PSA), the NFMPs strategy demonstrates high sensitivity (100%), high specificity (93.3%), and a high area under the curve (AUC) value (98.1%) for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer in the PSA gray zone. The NFMPs are anticipated as an efficient platform for CTCs-based liquid biopsy towards early cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.