口腔黏膜炎（OM）是头颈部肿瘤（HNC）患者在接受放疗治疗时最常见的困扰后遗症之一。这导致严重的黏膜组织炎症和口腔溃疡，影响患者的营养、生活质量（QoL）和存活率。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）近年来因其抗炎、抗氧化和伤口愈合特性而在处理口腔疾病方面备受关注。因此，本研究旨在评估顶点Omega-3纳米乳胶在预防辐射引起的口腔黏膜炎和调节口腔微生物失调中的功效。计划接受放疗的34名头颈部肿瘤患者被随机分配到两组：I组：常规预防治疗和II组：顶点Omega-3纳米乳胶。患者在治疗前、三周和六周后使用世界卫生组织（WHO）口腔黏膜炎严重程度评分系统、视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估感觉疼痛程度和头颈部肿瘤的MD-Anderson症状清单（MDASI-HN）评估生活质量。收集口腔拭子以评估口腔微生物组的变化。与常规治疗相比，经过六周的顶点Omega-3纳米乳胶治疗后，VAS评分和WHO黏膜炎分级显著降低。控制组在治疗三周后总MDASI评分显著较高，并且头颈部亚量表在三周和六周均有显著差异。在试验组中，经过六周观察，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例显著下降，表明较少的微生物失调。顶点Omega-3纳米乳胶在预防辐射引起的口腔黏膜炎方面展示了有益的效果，并有可能调节口腔微生物失调。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Oral mucositis (OM) is recognized as one of the most frequent debilitating sequelae encountered by head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated by radiotherapy. This results in severe mucosal tissue inflammation and oral ulcerations that interfere with patient's nutrition, quality of life (QoL) and survival. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have recently gained special interest in dealing with oral diseases owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and wound healing properties. Thus, this study aims to assess topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel efficacy in prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis and regulation of oral microbial dysbiosis.Thirty-four head and neck cancer patients planned to receive radiotherapy were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I: conventional preventive treatment and Group II: topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel. Patients were evaluated at baseline, three and six weeks after treatment using the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system for oral mucositis severity, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for perceived pain severity, and MD-Anderson Symptom Inventory for Head and Neck cancer (MDASI-HN) for QoL. Oral swabs were collected to assess oral microbiome changes.VAS scores and WHO mucositis grades were significantly lower after six weeks of treatment with topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel when compared to the conventional treatment. The total MDASI score was significantly higher in the control group after three weeks of treatment, and the head and neck subscale differed significantly at both three and six weeks. A significant reduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed after six weeks in the test group indicating less microbial dysbiosis.Topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel demonstrated a beneficial effect in prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis with a possibility of regulating oral microbial dysbiosis.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.