冠状病毒，如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型 (SARS-CoV-2)，与包括严重呼吸系统疾病在内的危重疾病相关。SARS-CoV-2是致命的COVID-19疾病的病因，已成为全球大流行。SARS-CoV-2可以通过嗅觉叶进入人体，并与血管紧张素转化酶2 (ACE2)受体相互作用，进一步促进细胞结合和进入细胞。报告显示病毒能够通过血脑屏障 (BBB)并进入中枢神经系统 (CNS)，导致多种疾病。SARS-CoV-2的细胞侵入在很大程度上依赖于TMPRSS2和cathepsin L的活化S蛋白。TMPRSS2可在呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿生殖道上皮的细胞表面上发现，而cathepsin-L是内体的一部分。本综述的目的是提供有关SARS-CoV-2感染如何影响脑功能的信息。此外，还将讨论与SARS-CoV-2感染有关的CNS疾病，包括缺血性中风、脑静脉血栓形成、格林-巴利综合征、多发性硬化症、脑膜炎和脑炎。详细介绍了COVID患者发展脑血管问题的许多可能机制和途径。有报告称，SARS-CoV-2病毒能够穿透血脑屏障 (BBB)进入中枢神经系统 (CNS)，并可能引起多种疾病。COVID-19患者经历各种神经系统并发症，包括睡眠障碍、病毒性脑炎、头痛、味觉异常和认知障碍。已有报告称在COVID-19患者的脑脊液 (CSF)中发现了SARS-CoV-2的存在。卫生专家还报告其在皮层神经元和人类脑器官样结构中的存在。病毒渗透到大脑的可能机制主要有神经性、直接渗透和细胞因子风暴途径。嗅觉叶也可能是SARS-CoV-2进入大脑的主要途径。SARS-CoV-2会导致神经系统并发症，如脑血管病变、运动障碍和认知能力下降。COVID-19感染可能导致脑血管症状和疾病，如中风和血栓形成。该病毒可以影响神经系统，破坏认知功能并引起神经系统疾病。为了应对流行病，迅速改用目前使用的药物并开发新的治疗方法至关重要。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with critical illnesses, including severe respiratory disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the deadly COVID-19 illness, which has spread globally as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may enter the human body through olfactory lobes and interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor, further facilitating cell binding and entry into the cells. Reports have shown that the virus can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in various disorders. Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 largely relies on TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, which activate S protein. TMPRSS2 is found on the cell surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital epithelium, while cathepsin-L is a part of endosomes.The current review aims to provide information on how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects brain function.. Furthermore, CNS disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are discussed. The many probable mechanisms and paths involved in developing cerebrovascular problems in COVID patients are thoroughly detailed.There have been reports that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), where it could cause a various illnesses. Patients suffering from COVID-19 experience a range of neurological complications, including sleep disorders, viral encephalitis, headaches, dysgeusia, and cognitive impairment. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients has been reported. Health experts also reported its presence in cortical neurons and human brain organoids. The possible mechanism of virus infiltration into the brain can be neurotropic, direct infiltration and cytokine storm-based pathways. The olfactory lobes could also be the primary pathway for the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain.SARS-CoV-2 can lead to neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular manifestations, motor movement complications, and cognitive decline. COVID-19 infection can result in cerebrovascular symptoms and diseases, such as strokes and thrombosis. The virus can affect the neural system, disrupt cognitive function and cause neurological disorders. To combat the epidemic, it is crucial to repurpose drugs currently in use quickly and develop novel therapeutics.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.