骨肉瘤（OS）是最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤，常见于儿童和青少年。目前，骨肉瘤的最常用治疗方法是手术联合化疗，但治疗效果通常不尽如人意。高转移率和治疗后复发率是骨肉瘤治疗中的主要挑战。这突显了对骨肉瘤病因机制的深入研究和更有效的治疗方法的发展的需要。先前的研究已经证明了骨微环境和信号通路调控在骨肉瘤发生和发展中的重要作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了与骨肉瘤发展机制相关的现有证据，并确定了骨肉瘤的治疗靶点。我们还总结了骨肉瘤的可用治疗方法，并确定了未来治疗研究的优先方向。版权所有 © 2023 中国医学会，由Wolters Kluwer, Inc.根据CC-BY-NC-ND许可证创作和制作。

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. The most commonly used treatment for OS is surgery combined with chemotherapy, but the treatment outcomes are typically unsatisfactory. High rates of metastasis and post-treatment recurrence rates are major challenges in the treatment of OS. This underlines the need for studying the in-depth characterization of the pathogenetic mechanisms of OS and development of more effective therapeutic modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of the bone microenvironment and the regulation of signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OS. In this review, we discussed the available evidence pertaining to the mechanisms of OS development and identified therapeutic targets for OS. We also summarized the available treatment modalities for OS and identified future priorities for therapeutics research.Copyright © 2023 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.