联合抗逆转录病毒疗法有助于改善HIV患者的免疫功能，并减少非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的发病率。弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）是影响HIV阳性患者最常见的NHL形式之一。本研究旨在评估HIV感染对巴西一家重要癌症治疗中心中接受DLBCL治疗患者预后的影响。在巴西国家癌症研究所开展了一项回顾性病例对照研究，纳入了243例DLBCL患者（91例HIV阳性和152例HIV阴性）。按照癌症诊断日期、临床分期、原发癌治疗和出生日期将HIV阴性对照组与HIV阳性组进行配对。社会人口学和癌症治疗数据从病历中提取。采用Kaplan-Meier分析估计生存率，使用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定与死亡相关的因素。在癌症诊断后的5年期间共观察到98例死亡病例。观察到HIV感染与癌症诊断后一年的总体和疾病特异性生存率呈负相关（HR=1.98和1.96）。HIV感染与癌症特异性生存率的负相关在癌症诊断后的5年期间仍然显著（HR=1.53）。研究入组时HIV病毒载量超过1000拷贝/毫升也与总体和癌症特异性生存率较短相关。无论癌症相关的临床因素如何，HIV感染均对DLBCL患者的预后和死亡率产生负面影响。版权所有©2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.保留所有权利。

Combinatorial antiretroviral therapy provided improvement of HIV patients' immune function and a decrease in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common NHL forms affecting HIV+ patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of HIV infection on the prognosis of patients treated for DLBCL in a reference cancer treatment center in Brazil.A retrospective case-control study was developed with patients followed-up at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, in which 243 DLBCL patients (91 HIV+ and 152 HIV-) were enrolled. HIV- controls were matched to HIV+ according to date of cancer diagnosis, clinical staging, primary cancer treatment and date of birth. Sociodemographic and cancer treatment data were extracted from medical charts. Kaplan-Meier analyses were carried out to estimate survival, while univariate and multiple Cox regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with mortality.A total of 98 deaths were observed in a 5-year period after cancer diagnosis. A negative association of HIV infection with both overall and disease-specific survival one year after cancer diagnosis was observed (HR = 1.98 and 1.96, respectively). The negative association with HIV infection with disease-specific survival remained significant for a 5-year period after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.53). HIV viral load above 1,000 copies/ml at study entry was also associated with shorter overall and cancer-specific survival.HIV infection negatively impacted prognosis and mortality of DLBCL patients irrespective of cancer-related clinical factors.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.