存在多种治疗单房骨囊肿（UBC）的选择。讨论了关于开放管理UBC的争议。本研究旨在分析一所医院对UBC的开放手术治疗经验。通过对维也纳骨骼和软组织肿瘤登记处的回顾性分析，纳入了119名接受开放手术并经组织学证实的UBC患者，平均随访时间为4.8年（范围1-30年）。将病变治疗失败定义为经手术处理的UBC因持续或复发而进行修复手术。病变治疗失败的局部无复发生存率为：1年后93%，2年后80%，5年后60%，10年后57%。其中34名（29%）患者因病变治疗失败至少接受了1次修复手术。我们发现，病变治疗失败的患者年龄较小（p = 0.03），UBC与生长板的最小距离较短（p = 0.02），并且在放射学成像中有更多的隔室（p = 0.02）。与经皮修复手术相比，经开放修复手术的患者不太可能再次需要修复手术来治疗病变失败（p = 0.03）。对于年龄较小的有活跃生长的患儿，只能将开放手术作为保留治疗方案。开放UBC手术存在近30%的病变治疗失败的相对较高风险，因此，手术适应证应限于广泛骨溶解，存在骨质疏松性骨折风险较高的病变，存在移位性病理性骨折的病变，以及需要组织收集的放射学表现模糊的病变。© 2023. 作者。

A variety of treatment options for unicameral bone cysts (UBC) exist. The controversy of open management of UBC is discussed. The aim of this study was to analyze a single institution's experience in the open surgical treatment of UBC.By retrospective analysis of the Vienna Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry, 119 patients with open surgery and histologically verified UBC with a mean follow up of 4.8 years (range 1-30 years) were included. Lesion treatment failure was defined as surgically addressed UBC undergoing revision surgery due to persistence or recurrence.Local revision-free survival for lesion treatment failure was 93% after 1 year, 80% after 2 years, 60% after 5 years and 57% after 10 years. Of the patients 34 (29%) had at least 1 revision surgery due to lesion treatment failure. We found that patients with lesion treatment failure were younger (p = 0.03), had UBC with less minimal distance to the growth plate (p = 0.02) and more septation chambers in radiologic imaging (p = 0.02). Patients with open revision surgery were less likely to require a second revision due to lesion treatment failure than patients with percutaneous revision surgery (p = 0.03).Open surgery for UBC can only be recommended as reserve treatment in younger children with actively growing lesions. Open UBC surgery carries a relatively high risk of almost 30% of lesion treatment failure and therefore the indications should be limited to extensive osteolysis with high risk of pathological fractures, lesions with displaced pathological fractures, and lesions with an ambiguous radiological presentation that require tissue collection.© 2023. The Author(s).