内外因引起的DNA损伤会导致基因组不稳定性升高和多种疾病出现。DNA损伤应答（DDR）是通过及时检测和修复DNA损伤维持基因组稳定的重要机制。翻译后修饰（PTMs）在DDR调控中发挥着重要的作用。在现有的PTMs中，丁酰化已经被认定为一种新鉴定的修饰形式，参与了包括基因表达、精子发生、细胞周期以及多种疾病的发展在内的广泛生物学过程。在过去的十年中，已经在组蛋白和非组蛋白蛋白中鉴定出了大量的丁酰化位点，从而更加全面和深入地了解了蛋白丁酰化的功能和机制。本综述提供了蛋白质丁酰化的调控机制以及其对DDR的影响的全面概述。此外，还介绍了蛋白质丁酰化在肿瘤发展和进展中的作用，以启发和探索肿瘤治疗的新策略。版权所有 © 2023，Elsevier Inc.发表。

DNA damage caused by internal or external factors lead to increased genomic instability and various diseases. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial mechanism that maintaining genomic stability through detecting and repairing DNA damage timely. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play significant roles in regulation of DDR. Among the present PTMs, crotonylation has emerged as a novel identified modification that is involved in a wide range of biological processes including gene expression, spermatogenesis, cell cycle, and the development of diverse diseases. In the past decade, numerous crotonylation sites have been identified in histone and non-histone proteins, leading to a more comprehensive and deep understanding of the function and mechanisms in protein crotonylation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms of protein crotonylation and the effect of crotonylation in DDR. Furthermore, the effect of protein crotonylation in tumor development and progression is presented, to inspire and explore the novel strategies for tumor therapy.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.