关于特定大分子及其对组织修复的贡献的研究很多。大分子在生物体内具有支持和保护作用，可以帮助受损组织重新生长、重塑和促进自我修复与再生。大分子，如蛋白质、核酸和多糖，可构建成水凝胶，用于制备缓释药物载体、细胞培养载体和基因传递平台。通过化学交联或混合共沉淀制备的水凝胶和微球通常用作支架、药物载体或细胞培养基质，提供适当的机械支撑和养分输送，为促进受损组织的再生和修复提供良好的环境。本综述全面概述了基于蛋白质、核酸、多糖等大分子构建水凝胶和微球的最新发展，并讨论了这些复合材料在组织修复中的优点和缺点的最新研究趋势。此外，我们还研究了微球/水凝胶在不同组织修复中的应用，如皮肤组织、软骨、肿瘤组织、滑膜、神经组织和心脏修复。综述最后重点介绍了微球/水凝胶复合材料面临的挑战与前景。版权所有 © 2023，Elsevier B.V. 发布。

There are many studies on specific macromolecules and their contributions to tissue repair. Macromolecules have supporting and protective effects in organisms and can help regrow, reshape, and promote self-repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, can be constructed into hydrogels for the preparation of slow-release drug agents, carriers for cell culture, and platforms for gene delivery. Hydrogels and microspheres are fabricated by chemical crosslinking or mixed co-deposition often used as scaffolds, drug carriers, or cell culture matrix, provide proper mechanical support and nutrient delivery, a well-conditioned environment that to promote the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the construction of macromolecules into hydrogels and microspheres based on the proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and other polymer and their application in tissue repair. We then discuss the latest research trends regarding the advantages and disadvantages of these composites in repair tissue. Further, we examine the applications of microspheres/hydrogels in different tissue repairs, such as skin tissue, cartilage, tumor tissue, synovial, nerve tissue, and cardiac repair. The review closes by highlighting the challenges and prospects of microspheres/hydrogels composites.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.