自从发现脑淋巴系统以来，免疫治疗一直被认为是治疗脑肿瘤的一种有前景的方法。胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最具侵袭性的脑肿瘤，与预后不良和缺乏有效治疗选择有关。为测试人源性抗PD-1的疗效，我们使用了人源化的PD-1敲入小鼠，建立了原位GBM携带模型。尼伐替尔回显效果良好，有效抑制了肿瘤生长，增加小鼠的存活率，促进了细胞毒性T细胞的积累和功能，减少了免疫抑制细胞及其相关因子的积累和功能，并且没有引起组织损伤或生化变化。该治疗也诱导了CD8+细胞毒性T细胞的积累和激活，同时减少了骨髓源性抑制性细胞、调节性T细胞和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在免疫微环境中的积累和激活。尼伐替尔回可能成为一种GBM的治疗方法。版权所有 © 2023，国际抗癌研究学会（George J. Delinasios博士），保留所有权利。

Immunotherapy has been considered a promising approach for brain tumor treatment since the discovery of the brain lymphatic system. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of brain tumor, is associated with poor prognosis and a lack of effective treatment options.To test the efficacy of human anti-PD-1, we used a humanized PD-1 knock-in mouse to establish an orthotopic GBM-bearing model.Nivolumab, a human anti-PD-1, effectively inhibited tumor growth, increased the survival rate of mice, enhanced the accumulation and function of cytotoxic T cells, reduced the accumulation and function of immunosuppressive cells and their related factors, and did not induce tissue damage or biochemical changes. The treatment also induced the accumulation and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, while reducing the accumulation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in the immune microenvironment.Nivolumab has the potential to be a treatment for GBM.Copyright © 2023, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.