这项随机对照试验（RCT）评估了一项为期1年的部分监督的体力活动（PA）干预对成年幼儿癌症幸存者心血管疾病（CVD）风险评分的影响。我们纳入了报名时年龄≥16岁的幼儿癌症幸存者，诊断时年龄<16岁，且缓解时间≥5年。干预组被要求每周执行额外的≥2.5小时强度体力活动，对照组则按照通常的锻炼方式继续进行；评估分别在基线、6个月（T6）和12个月（T12）进行。主要终点是心血管疾病风险评分的变化（腰围、血压、空腹血糖、反转的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和反转的心肺适应性健康平均z分数）从基线到T12。我们进行了意图治疗（ITT，主要）和3个按计划分析。我们随机分配了151名幸存者（44％女性，30.4 ± 8.6岁）。我们发现，在所有分析中，干预组与对照组相比，在T6和T12时期的CVD风险评分有显著且稳健的降低；在T12时干预组的CVD风险z分数降低上有-0.18（95％置信区间-0.29至-0.06，P = 0.003）的差异，有利于干预组（ITT分析）。这个RCT研究表明长期PA干预可以降低幼儿癌症的长期幸存者的CVD风险。Clinicaltrials.gov：NCT02730767. © 2023. 作者(们)独家许可给Springer Nature Limited.

This randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of a 1-year, partially supervised, physical activity (PA) intervention on a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score in adult survivors of childhood cancer.We included childhood cancer survivors ≥16 y at enrolment, <16 y at diagnosis and ≥5 y in remission. The intervention group was asked to perform an additional ≥2.5 h of intense physical activity/week, controls continued exercise as usual; assessments were performed at baseline, 6 months (T6) and 12 months (T12). The primary endpoint was change in a CVD risk score (average z-score of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, inverted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and inverted cardiorespiratory fitness) from baseline to T12. We performed intention-to-treat (ITT, primary) and 3 per protocol analyses.We randomised 151 survivors (44% females, 30.4 ± 8.6 years). We found a significant and robust reduction of the CVD risk score in the intervention compared to the control group at T6 and T12 across all analyses; with a difference in the reduction of the CVD risk z-score of -0.18 (95% confidence interval -0.29 to -0.06, P = 0.003) at T12 in favour of the intervention group (ITT analysis).This RCT showed that a long-term PA intervention can reduce CVD risk in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02730767.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.