长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA转录本，在癌症发展和进展中扮演着关键角色。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展，越来越多的lncRNA已被鉴定为预测癌症患者预后和/或癌症治疗的新型生物标志物。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，lncRNA的生物功能和调控机制与其亚细胞定位密切相关。更重要的是，基于lncRNA在调控癌症进展（如生长、治疗抗性和转移）中的重要作用以及核酸（如siRNA、mRNA和DNA）调控任何目标基因表达的特殊能力，最近已经投入了大量努力来发展基于纳米颗粒（NP）的核酸传递系统，以实现体内lncRNA表达的靶向调控和有效的癌症治疗。在本综述中，我们介绍了癌症中各种功能性lncRNA的亚细胞定位和调控机制，并系统总结了NP介导的核酸传递在靶向调控lncRNA表达和有效癌症治疗方面的最新进展。© 2023 作者们.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length that play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, a considerable number of lncRNAs have been identified as novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and/or therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs are closely associated with their subcellular localization. More importantly, based on the important roles of lncRNAs in regulating cancer progression (e.g., growth, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis) and the specific ability of nucleic acids (e.g., siRNA, mRNA, and DNA) to regulate the expression of any target genes, much effort has been exerted recently to develop nanoparticle (NP)-based nucleic acid delivery systems for in vivo regulation of lncRNA expression and cancer therapy. In this review, we introduce the subcellular localization and regulatory mechanisms of various functional lncRNAs in cancer and systemically summarize the recent development of NP-mediated nucleic acid delivery for targeted regulation of lncRNA expression and effective cancer therapy.© 2023 The Authors.