细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞主动分泌的磷脂双层囊泡，内含多种功能核酸、蛋白质和脂质，是细胞间通讯的重要介质。基于其天然性质，EVs不仅能保留其来源细胞的药理效应，还可以作为天然的传递载体。其中，植物源纳米囊泡（PNVs）以其丰富的资源、大产量以及在体内低免疫风险等优点，被认为是天然疾病治疗药物的理想选择，具有简单、安全、环保、低成本和低毒性等特点。本综述系统介绍了PNVs的形成、分离方法、物理表征和成分，并描述了其作为疗法药物的给药途径和细胞摄取。我们重点研究了PNVs作为治疗药物和药物传递载体的治疗潜力，包括抗炎、抗癌、伤口愈合、再生以及抗衰老特性，并讨论了它们在肝病和COVID-19治疗中的潜在应用。最后，我们对PNVs的毒性和免疫原性、目前的临床应用以及未来发展可能面临的挑战进行了分析。我们期望进一步探索PNVs的功能，促进临床转化，从而推动人类疾病治疗框架的发展。 © 2023 中国药学会和中国医学科学院药物研究所. 由Elsevier B.V.制作和主持。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles actively secreted by cells, that contain a variety of functional nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and are important mediums of intercellular communication. Based on their natural properties, EVs can not only retain the pharmacological effects of their source cells but also serve as natural delivery carriers. Among them, plant-derived nanovesicles (PNVs) are characterized as natural disease therapeutics with many advantages such as simplicity, safety, eco-friendliness, low cost, and low toxicity due to their abundant resources, large yield, and low risk of immunogenicity in vivo. This review systematically introduces the biogenesis, isolation methods, physical characterization, and components of PNVs, and describes their administration and cellular uptake as therapeutic agents. We highlight the therapeutic potential of PNVs as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, wound healing, regeneration, and antiaging properties as well as their potential use in the treatment of liver disease and COVID-19. Finally, the toxicity and immunogenicity, the current clinical application, and the possible challenges in the future development of PNVs were analyzed. We expect the functions of PNVs to be further explored to promote clinical translation, thereby facilitating the development of a new framework for the treatment of human diseases.© 2023 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.